Ibiza Malini I-E-I-Ink Display?

Amamojula wokubonisa angenalutho abiza cishe$5–$300, amakhithi okuthuthukisa anamabhodi abashayeli abiza cishe$10–$450, kanye -nokuboniswa kwephepha okuqediwe kubiza cishe$800–$2,500.

Imojuli kayinki engu-2.9-intshi-ibiza u-$15. Imonitha ye-e-ink engu-25 intshi ibiza u-$2,000. Lokhu akulona iphutha. Leli iqiniso lemakethe elawulwa yinkampani eyodwa, evinjelwa amalungelo obunikazi, futhi ebulawa yindlala yokuncintisana.

Indawo Yentengo

Izinombolo zangempela ziyashaqisa ebangeni lazo.

Ekugcineni okuncane-1.5" ukuya ku-2.9" amaphanelikumalebula amashalofu e-electronic nezinzwa ze-IoT-ubheke ku-$5 kuya ku-$20 ukuze uthole amamojula angenalutho, $10 kuya ku-$30 ngamabhodi omshayeli. Intengo yempahla. Imakethe ye-ESL iqhube amavolumu aphezulu ngokwanele ukwenza lezi zithengeke ngokweqiniso.

I4.2" kuya ku-5.8" ububanziihlanganisa izinto ezigqokekayo nezibonisi ezincane. Izintengo zikhuphukela ku-$18–$45 kumamojula angenalutho, $25–$60 ngamabhodi abashayeli-zisafaneleka kumaphrojekthi amaningi.

Amasentimitha ayisithuphayilapho iningi labathengi liqala ukuhlangana ne--inki. I-Kindle Paperwhite. Ifomethi yenziwe ngcono ngaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu. Leli izinga le-e{4}}lokufunda, futhi intengo ibonisa lokho kukhula: $30 kuya ku-$65 kumojula, $45 kuya ku-$80 ngebhodi lomshayeli. Hhayi ezishibhile, kodwa hhayi ngokwedlulele. Ukhokha cishe u-$5–$10 iyintshi eyi-diagonal ngayinye ngalo sayizi.

Khona-ke ijika likhuphuka ngokuphawulekayo.

Bese kuba khona25.3-intshi ikilasi-ama-e-desktop e{1}}amamonitha ayinki, umkhomo omhlophe we-e{2}}womhlaba wephepha. Izindleko zephaneli eluhlaza zifinyelela ku-$800–$1,200. Abaqaphi abaqedile bathengisa ngo-$1,500–$2,500. Umnotho lapha awuwenzi umqondo, kodwa sizofika kulokho.

Umbala ushintsha yonke into.Izibonisi zemibala zibiza u-1.5× ukuya ku-3× ngaphezu kokulingana kwazo okunombala ofanayo kuwo wonke amakilasi kasayizi. Imojuli yombala engu-13.3-yintshi ye-Kaleido 3 ithengiswa ngo-$449 esitolo esisemthethweni sika-E Ink{9}}futhi lelo yiphaneli nje. Igalari yamaphaneli anombala ogcwele angu-3 anemibala engu-50,000 ayala amaphrimiyamu aphezulu nakakhulu, nakuba intengo yangempela ingavamile ukudalulwa esidlangalaleni.

Lezi zintengo azikadluli eminyakeni eyishumi. Lelo qiniso lilodwa likutshela ukuthi kukhona okuphukile.

Kungani i-E-I-Ink Ibiza Lokho Ayibizayo

I-E Ink Holdings, inkampani yaseTaiwan, ilawulaU-95% wemakethe yokubonisa amaphepha e-e{1}yomhlaba jikelele. Vumela leyo nombolo ingene ngaphakathi. Zonke izinhlobo. Wonke amaKobo. Konke Okuphawuleka Kabusha. Wonke amaBhokisi. Wonke ama-Supernote. Yonke ilebula yeshalofu likagesi kuzo zonke izitolo ezinkulu, ikhemisi ngalinye, yonke indawo yokugcina impahla. Wonke asebenzisa amaphaneli e-E Ink.

Lokhu akukhona ukubusa kwemakethe. Lokhu kuwukuphela kwe-monopoly.

Indaba yemvelaphi yenkampani ibuyela emuva ku-MIT's Media Lab ngeminyaka yawo-1990, lapho abacwaningi bakha khona ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo be-electrophoretic microencapsulated. I-spin{{2}inkampani ye-spin, i-E Ink Corporation, yatholwa yi-Prime View International yase-Taiwan ngo-2009. Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, ngo-2012, i-E Ink yathatha i-SiPix, okwakuwukuphela kwembangi yayo ebalulekile ngaleso sikhathi. Umphumela uba uchungechunge lokunikezela ngephoyinti elilodwa.

Uma uthenga noma iyiphi-idivayisi yephepha kunoma yimuphi umkhiqizi, imali yakho igcina isigeleza iye enkampanini eyodwa e-Hsinchu, e-Taiwan.

Amalungelo obunikazi enza i-monopoly ihlale isikhathi eside.I-core microencapsulated electrophoretic display patent, eyafakwa ngo-1996, isiphelelwe yisikhathi. Ngokombono, lokhu bekufanele kuvule amasango ezikhukhula. Noma ubani kufanele akwazi ukwenza -izibonisi zephepha esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo.

Kodwa i-E Ink ayizange iphumule phakathi naleyo minyaka{0}}evikelekile yelungelo lobunikazi.

Inkampani ichitha cisheU-$150 wezigidi ngonyaka ku-R&D-phakathi{1}}nephesenti lentsha yemali engenayo. Kumkhiqizi wesibonisi, lokhu kuphakeme ngokungavamile. I-Samsung Display, esebenza ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu, isebenzisa iphesenti elincane lemali engenayo ocwaningweni. I-E Ink's R&D izimbangi izinkampani ezenza imithi.

Lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kudala ukugcinwa kwelungelo lobunikazi okuqhubekayo. Uhlu lwesihlungi sombala. Amafomu okuvuselela asheshayo. Ama-substrates epulasitiki aguquguqukayo. Izilinganiso zokungafani ezithuthukisiwe. Ukusebenza-kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi. Isizukulwane ngasinye sobuchwepheshe siletha impahla entsha yengqondo. Isici esisha ngasinye sengeza esinye isendlalelo enqabeni.

Ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwasekuqaleni kwelungelo lobunikazi akushintshile lutho. Le nqaba yamane yakha izindonga ezintsha.

Noma yimuphi umuntu oqhudelana naye ozama ukungena emakethe ubhekene nokukhetha: ilayisense ubuchwepheshe be-E Ink (futhi wamukele amandla abo entengo), thuthukisa ezinye izindlela ezizulazula ezinkulungwaneni zamalungelo obunikazi (abizayo futhi adla isikhathi-okudla isikhathi), noma amukele ukuthi imikhiqizo yakhe izoba ngaphansi kwezobuchwepheshe (futhi ngenxa yalokho ngeke ikwazi ukuhweba).

Kukhona futhi umjikelezo ononya ozuzisa umuntu oyedwa. Isamba semali engenayo yonyaka ye-E Ink ihamba cishe ku-$1 bhiliyoni. Lokho kuzwakala njengokuningi uze uyiqhathanise nemakethe yephaneli yokubonisa yomhlaba wonke, edlula u-$150 billion njalo ngonyaka. E-iphepha lithatha ingxenye yengxenye yemboni yokubonisa.

Imakethe encane isho amanani amancane okukhiqiza. I-E Ink isebenzisa izindwangu ezincane uma ziqhathaniswa nezakhiwo ezinkulu ze-Gen 10.5 ezisetshenziswa yi-BOE ne-Samsung ekukhiqizeni i-LCD ne-OLED. Amavolumu amancane asho ukuthi awekho umnotho wesilinganiso. Izindleko ezigxilile zokukhiqiza-izindlu zokuhlanza, okokusebenza, izisebenzi zobunjiniyela{5}}zisabalaliswa kuwo wonke amayunithi ambalwa.

Awekho umnotho wesilinganiso osho ukuthi amanani ahlala ephezulu. Iphaneli kayinki engu-6-e{8}}ibiza u-$30–$60. Iphaneli ye-LCD engu-6-intshi ibiza u-$3–$8. Izinqubo zokukhiqiza zabelana ngokufana, kodwa umehluko wevolumu udala igebe lentengo yokuhleleka kobukhulu.

Izintengo eziphakeme zikhawulela ukwamukelwa. Abathengi babheka amadivaysi e-e{1}}eyinki, babone i-premium kunezinye ze-LCD, futhi ngokuvamile bakhetha inketho eshibhile. Abakhiqizi bedivayisi bakhawulela i-e{3}}imigqa yomkhiqizo kayinki ngoba imakethe yincane.

Ukutholwa okulinganiselwe kugcina imakethe incane. Futhi umjikelezo uyaqhubeka.

Lona{0}}ugibe oluziqinisayo olunqamuka kuphela uma umuntu etshala izigidigidi zamadola ukuze afinyelele esikalini{1}}noma uma ukushintsha okukhulu kwezobuchwepheshe kwenza ukukhiqiza kwamanje kungabi namsebenzi. Akukenzeki futhi. Akubonakali kuseduze.

Ukuqhathanisa kwe-LCD

Igebe lentengo phakathi kuka-e{0}}i-ink ne-LCD lidinga ukunakwa okucacile, ngoba libonisa ukuthi intengo yephepha ye-e{1}}iphenduke kanjani.

6-kusayizi wamayintshi angu-6-i-e{3}}izinga lokufunda-iphaneli ye-LCD ibiza u-$3 kuya ku-$8. Iphaneli ye-e-ink ibiza u-$30 kuya ku-$60. Lokho kuyi-8× kuya ku-10× iprimiyamuokwe{0}iphepha. Bobabili ubuchwepheshe buvuthiwe. Zombili zenziwa ngesilinganiso (nakuba izikali ezihluke kakhulu). I-e{4}}i-ink premium ayikwazi ukuchazwa ngobunkimbinkimbi bokukhiqiza kuphela.

Kuma-intshi angu-10, amaphaneli e-LCD asebenzisa u-$8 kuya ku-$15. E-Amaphaneli kayinki abiza u-$100 kuya ku-$180. Isilinganiso siye saba sibi kakhulu10× kuya ku-12×. Ungathenga amaphaneli e-LCD ayishumi ngentengo yephaneli ye-e{1}}yeyinki eyodwa.

Isigaba sikasayizi wamayintshi angu-25-siveza okungenangqondo ngokugcwele. Iphaneli ye-LCD engu-25{{4}intshi ye-LCD-uhlobo olungaphakathi kwehhovisi lokuqapha eliyisisekelo-libiza u-$40 kuya ku-$80. Iphaneli ye-e-ink engu-25 intshi ibiza u-$800 kuya ku-$1,200. Lokho kungu15× kuya ku-20× premium.

Imonitha ye-LCD engu-25-intshi eqediwe idayisa ngaphansi kuka-$100 ezitolo, okuhlanganisa iphaneli, ama-electronics abashayeli, indawo evalekile, ugesi, kanye nemajini yenzuzo. Imonitha ye-e-ink engu-25 intshi eqediwe ithengisa ngo-$2,000 noma ngaphezulu.

Ubuchwepheshe buhlukile, yebo. U-E-uyinki udinga ukukhiqizwa kwe-waveform enembile. Inqubo yokukhiqiza isebenzisa i-microencapsulation kunokuqondanisa kwekristalu ewuketshezi. Isivuno singase sibe phansi, ukubekezelelana kuqine.

Kodwa ingabe ubuchwepheshe 15 × kuya 20 × more complex? Ingabe kubiza u-15× kuya ku-20× ukwenza ngesilinganiso esilinganayo?

Cha. Umehluko wentengo awuthethelelwa ubuchwepheshe kuphela. Igunyazwa ngesakhiwo semakethe. Lapho inkampani eyodwa ilawula ukunikezwa futhi ingabhekananga nokuncintisana, amanani abonisa amandla emakethe, hhayi izindleko zokukhiqiza.

Ubuchwepheshe Bemibala: I-Kaleido, Igalari, ne-Spectra

U-e{0}uyinki wombala ufikile, kodwa ngezinambitheka eziningi ezinezici ezihluke kakhulu namaphoyinti entengo.

Kaleido

Kaleidoimele isixazululo sombala wemakethe ka-E Ink. Ubuchwepheshe bubeka uhlu lwesihlungi sombala (CFA) phezu kwesendlalelo sikayinki esimnyama-kanye{3}}nomhlophe ka-e{4}}omhlophe-okufana nsé nendlela izibonisi ze-LCD ezikhiqiza ngayo umbala, nakuba ubuchwepheshe be-pixel obuyisisekelo buhluka ngokuphelele. Umphumela:Imibala engu-4,096 ku-150 PPIukulungiswa kombala, ngesendlalelo esingaphansi se-monochrome sisaletha u-300 PPI wokuqukethwe okumnyama{-nokumhlophe. Umbhalo uhlala ucijile ngoba uhumusha ngokulungiswa okugcwele. Izithombe ezinemibala zibonakala zithulisiwe futhi zinokulungiswa okuphansi-ngoba zihlungwa nge-CFA.

Izilinganiso zokuvuselela zihlala zamukeleka ekufundeni{0}}eziqhathaniswa namaphaneli e-monochrome. Ngeke ubone ukubambezeleka okukhulu lapho uphenya amakhasi noma uskrola kokuqukethwe kombala.

Uhwebo-oluphelele lungokoqobo. Imibala ibukeka igeziwe uma iqhathaniswa ne-LCD noma i-OLED. Ukugcwaliswa kwesikhala kukhawulelwe. Ukulungiswa kombala okungu-150 PPI kusho ukuthi imininingwane yombala emihle ibonakala ithambe kancane. Ukufundeka kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile-e{7}}isici esibulalayo sikayinki{8}}sinciphile ngoba isihlungi sombala sidonsa ukukhanya.

Amamojula we-Kaleido 3 abiza cishe50-80% ngaphezulukunamaphaneli e-monochrome alinganayo. Iphaneli ye-Kaleido 3 engama-intshi angu-7 ingase ibize u-$50–$70 lapho iphaneli ye-monochrome ibiza u-$30–$40. I-premium ibalulekile kodwa ayivimbeli, yingakho i-Kaleido ivele kumadivayisi abathengi afana nombala we-Kobo Libra namamodeli ahlukahlukene ombala we-Boox.

Igalari 3

Igalari 3kuyindlela ehluke kakhulu, futhi iyala amanani entengo ahluke kakhulu. Esikhundleni sokuhlunga ukukhanya okumhlophe ngemibala ehlukahlukene, Igalari 3 isebenzisa{2}}isistimu ye-pigment{3}}cyan, magenta, ephuzi, nemhlophe{4}}epakishwe ku-microcapsule ngayinye. Iphikseli ngalinye liqukethe zonke izimibalabala ezine, ezingahanjiswa ngokukhetha endaweni yokubuka ngokusebenzisa ukulandelana kwenkambu kagesi ehlukene.

Asikho isihlungi sombala esidingekayo. Umphumela: cisheImibala engu-50,000 ku-300 PPI egcweleukulungiswa kuso sonke isibonisi. Izithombe ezinemibala zicace kakhulu kune-Kaleido. Ubuchwepheshe busondela kulokho ongase ukubize ngokuthi "okwanele ngokwanele" ukukhiqizwa kombala ezimweni eziningi zokusetshenziswa.

Ukuhweba-kuyisivinini. Ukuhambisa izinhlobo ezine ze-pigment ezindaweni eziqondile kuthatha isikhathi. Ukuvuselelwa kombala{3}okugcwele kwekhwalithi kungathatha kufika kumasekhondi angu-1.5. Izindlela zokuvuselela ngokushesha zikhona kodwa zidela ukunemba kombala. Awuyibuki ividiyo kusibonisi segalari 3. Awuskroli nokuskrola kahle kudokhumenti yombala.

Amaphaneli egalari 3 abekelwe izicelo ze-premium. I-E Ink ayiwashicileli amanani, futhi imikhiqizo eqediwe isebenzisa Igalari 3 ayivamisile ukukhipha izindleko zephaneli. Kodwa ubufakazi busobala kumanani okuthengisa: umbala we-e{4}}nothi amathebulethi asebenzisa Igalari 3 uyala amaphrimiyamu angu-$500–$800 ngaphezu kokulingana kwe-monochrome okunezici ezifanayo. I-Remarkable 2 ibiza u-$450. Idivayisi yombala yegalari 3 eqhathaniswayo ibiza u-$900 noma ngaphezulu.

I-Spectra 6

Bese kuba khonaI-Spectra 6, eqondise imakethe ehluke ngokuphelele: izimpawu kanye nezibonisi zokudayisa. Ubuchwepheshe busebenzisa-okuphumayo kwemibala eyisithupha{2}}ku-4{2}}i-pigment microcup architecture, ethuthukiselwe-izibonisi zefomethi ezinkulu ezishintsha njalo. Cabanga ngezimpawu zokuphromotha zesitolo segrosa, izibonisi zolwazi lwesikhumulo sezindiza, amalebula ombukiso wemnyuziyamu-izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho udinga khona umbala, usayizi, kanye neqanda lokusetshenziswa kwamandla phakathi kwezibuyekezo. Osayizi bephaneli bafinyelela amayintshi angu-75 ngo-2025. Izintengo zigijima ezinkulungwaneni zamadola. Ukuthengisa kwenzeka kuphela ngeziteshi ze-B2B ezinezinkontileka okuxoxiswene ngazo, izibopho zevolumu, nezinsizakalo zokuhlanganisa ngokwezifiso.

Uma ufunda lesi sihloko uzama ukuthola ukuthi ungalithenga kanjani iphaneli yeSpectra 6 yephrojekthi yomuntu siqu, impendulo ithi: cishe awukwazi, futhi awukwazi nakanjani ukukukhokhela.

Yini Abathengi Abahlukene Abakhokhayo Empeleni

I-e-imakethe kayinki isebenzela abathengi abahluke kakhulu ngamanani amanani ahluke kakhulu. Ukuthi uhlezi kuphi ohlwini lwezikhundla yikho okunqumayo ukuthi ukhokha ini.

I-Hobbyist/Isigaba soMenzi

Uma wakha iphrojekthi yomuntu siqu-isibonisi sasekhaya esihlakaniphile, isiteshi sezulu se-e{1}}sephepha, ukufakwa kobuciko{2}}uthenga e-Waveshare, Adafruit, Good Display, noma i-AliExpress. Ukuthenga kwakho okuvamile: ikhithi yokuthuthukisa engu-2.9" ukuya ku-7.5" enebhodi lomshayeli, izintambo zeribhoni, nekhodi yesampula. Ibanga lentengo:$15 kuya ku-$120kuye ngobukhulu nezici.

Ukuhlola okwangempela: ukhokha izintengo zokudayisa ezinophawu olugcwele. Wonke umuntu ophakathi nendawo uyasikwa. I-Waveshare ithenga amaphaneli kwa-E Ink (noma abasabalalisi abagunyaziwe), yengeza ama-electronics abashayeli, ibhala imibhalo, isingatha ukuthunyelwa, futhi inikeza ukwesekwa kwamakhasimende. Konke lokho kubiza imali.

Ikhithi engu-7.5-yemibala emithathu ye-Waveshare ibiza u-$50–$90 kuye ngokuthi uyithenga kuphi. Lelo phaneli elifanayo, lapho lithengwa yi-Amazon ngamanani ezigidi, cishe libiza ngaphansi kwama- $ 20 kuhlanganisa nogesi womshayeli. Ukhokha i-premium engu-3× kuya ku-4× ngelungelo lokuthenga iyunithi eyodwa ngesikhathi.

Lokhu akukhona okungalungile-okuncane-kwenani lokusabalalisa kunezindleko zangempela. Kodwa kusho ukuthi amabhajethi e-hobbyist adliwa ngokushesha. Ukwakha-ideshibhodi kayinki ye-e{5}}ene kungase kubize u-$300 kumaphaneli kuphela.

Isigaba Esincane Sokukhiqiza

Uma usu-ode amayunithi angu-100–1,000 e-prototyping noma{3}}ukukhiqiza okuncane, igeyimu iyashintsha. Usebenza ngabasabalalisi, abahlinzeki be-Alibaba, noma uzama ukuthintana ngqo nefekthri. Intengo ivamise ukusebenza20–40% ngaphansi kwezitolokule miqulu. Iphaneli elibiza u-$60 ku-Waveshare lingase litholakale ngo-$40–$45 ngobudlelwano bokusabalalisa.

Kodwa iqiniso liba yinkimbinkimbi. Izilinganiso zidinga ama-NDA-abahlinzeki abafuni izimbangi bazi amanani abo. Inani elincane le-oda lidala imigoqo: kungase kudingeke ukuthi uzinikele kumayunithi angu-500 ukuze uthole intengo enhle, kodwa udinga kuphela angu-200 ukuze uqalise ukukhiqiza. Izikhathi zokuhola zidlulela emavikini noma ezinyangeni. Ukungaguquguquki kwekhwalithi kuba inkinga yakho.

Abathengi abancane abanawo amandla. I-E Ink ayinandaba ne-oda lakho lamayunithi angama-500. Bathengisa izigidi zamaphaneli e-Amazon. Ibhizinisi lakho liphila noma liyafa ngokusekelwe ezinqumweni zokwabiwa ezenzelwe amakhasimende izikhathi eziyinkulungwane zosayizi wakho.

Isigaba sebhizinisi/i-OEM

Kumayunithi angu-10,{1}} minyaka yonke, usebenzelana ngokuqondile nabamele ukuthengisa kwe-E Ink noma ozakwethu bokukhiqiza abagunyaziwe. Izilinganiso zomkhakha ziphakamisa ukuthi ama-OEM amakhulu akhokhe$10–$15 ngephaneli yamayintshi angu-6-uma kuqhathaniswa no-$30–$60 ezitolo. Intengo yevolumu ingokoqobo, futhi igebe likhulu.

I-Amazon, i-Kobo, i-Rakuten, nabathengisi abakhulu be-ESL abafana no-Pricer kanye ne-SES-imagotag basebenza kulesi sigaba. Baxoxisana-ngezinkontileka zeminyaka eminingi, ukunikezwa okuqinisekisiwe, ukucaciswa ngokwezifiso, kanye nentengo umthengi ngamunye abangasoze bayibone. Igebe phakathi kwamanani okuthengisa nevolumu lingadlula ama-70%.

Lobu budlelwano bufika nezibopho: ukuzibophezela kwevolumu, ubudlelwano bokuthuthukiswa, kwesinye isikhathi amawindi okukhethekile kubuchwepheshe obusha. Lapho i-E Ink yethula usayizi omusha wephaneli noma ubuchwepheshe bombala, ama-OEM amakhulu avame ukuthola ukufinyelela kokuqala.

Uma uzama ukwethula inkampani yomthengi-yokufunda futhi uqhudelane namanani entengo e-Kindle, qonda ukuthi awuncintisani nje nomkhiqizo we-Amazon kanye ne-ecosystem. Uqhudelana nezindleko zabo zengxenye, okungenzeka ziphansi ngo-50–70% kunezakho.

Imakethe Yesibili

Kukhona nemakethe eyithunzi yamaphaneli kayinki ama-e{0}abathengi abaningi abangalokothi bawacabangele: izingxenye ezigaywe kabusha nezingaphezulu. Imithombo ihlanganisa ama-Kindle nama-Kobos agaywe kabusha (izikrini ngokuvamile zidlula amadivayisi), amasistimu amalebula eshalofu likagesi anqanyuliwe (ukuthuthukiswa kwezitolo nokulahla izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezindala), uhlu lwamagama olunqwabelene olusuka kumaphrojekthi akhanseliwe, kanye nokweqiwa kokukhiqiza.

Amanani ayasebenza30–50% wezindleko zephaneli entsha. Iphaneli engu-6-intshi ebiza u-$40 entsha ingase itholakale ngo-$15–$20 kusisebenzi esigaya kabusha.

Ukuhwebelana-kubalulekile. Asikho iwaranti{2}}uma iphaneli inesici, udla ukulahlekelwa. Ukucekela phansi okungaba khona{4}}i-amaphaneli kayinki angakha amaphikseli abambekile noma ukugqama okungalingani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokusetshenziswa. Umlando ongaziwa{7}awazi ukuthi mingaki imijikelezo yokuvuselela iphaneli elihlangabezane nayo noma ukuthi yagcinwa kanjani.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, amaphaneli agaywe kabusha adinga ukuthuthukiswa komshayeli ngokwezifiso. Awuyitholi ikhithi yokuthuthukisa ehlanzekile enamadokhumenti. Uthola iphaneli engenalutho, mhlawumbe ngesixhumi seribhoni, futhi udinga ukuthola iphinikhodi, ukushayela ama-waveform, kanye nokulandelana kokuqalisa ngokwakho.

Le makethe ifanele kuphela abathuthukisi behadiwe abanolwazi abanama-oscilloscopes, ukubekezela, nokubekezelela ukwehluleka. Akuyona eyabathandi bokuzilibazisa abakha iphrojekthi yabo yokuqala ye-e{1}}yephepha.

Kuqedwe Intengo Yomkhiqizo

Amaphaneli angenalutho ayinto eyodwa. Amadivayisi aqediwe yilokho abathengi abaningi abakuthengayo ngempela, futhi amanani abonisa okungaphezulu kakhulu kunezindleko zephaneli.

Idivayisi eqediwe ye-e-yokufunda noma ye-e{1}}yenothi ihlanganisa i-e{2}}iphaneli kayinki, kodwa futhi: iphrosesa (ngokujwayelekile{3}}okusekelwe ku-ARM{3}}), i-RAM nendawo yokubeka, ibhethri, i-touch layer (i-capacitive noma i-electromagnetic), isistimu yokukhanya yangaphambili, ipulasitiki noma i-aluminium enclosure, izinkinobho nezimbobo, ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, i-pariginal marginal regulatory for cergintaging.

Izindleko zephaneli zingamelelaI-20-40% yezindleko zempahlaokwedivayisi yomthengi. Konke okunye kuyahlanganisa.

E-Abafundi ($100–$280)

I-Kindle Paperwhite kanye no-Kobo Clara babambe iqhaza$100–$180 ububanziokufundwayo okuyisisekelo okungu-6-intshi e{3}}yabafundi. Izici ze-Premium{{4}zokukhanya okufudumele, isitoreji esikhudlwana, ukuvimbela amanzi{6}kuphushela ngasekugcineni okuphezulu. Abafundi be-e abanemibala efana nombala we-Kobo Libra sebefikile ku-$200–$280 ububanzi, usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-Kaleido. I-premium engu-~$100 ngaphezu kokulingana kwe-monochrome ibonisa kokubili ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zephaneli kanye nento entsha.

Kulezi zintengo, ama-e{0}}abafundi sebethengeka ngempela kubafundi abaningi. I-Kindle Paperwhite ibiza ngaphansi kwezincwadi ezinoqwembe oluqinile kweshumi nambili. Isiphakamiso senani sicacile, ngisho{3}ne-premium kayinki phezu kwe-LCD.

E-Inothi Amathebulethi ($400–$900)

Yilapho amanani enyuka khona kakhulu kumathebhulethi e-e{0}nothi. I-Remarkable 2 ibiza cishe$450. Uchungechunge lwe-Boox Note Air luyasebenza$400–$500. Amadivayisi e-Supernote athatha indawo efanayo. Kuma-intshi angu-10.3, lawa amathuluzi angochwepheshe athengiswe ngamanothi-kubathathi, izifundiswa, kanye nabasebenzisi bebhizinisi abafuna iphepha{4}}elifana nokubhala.

Isiphakamiso senani asibonakali kangako lapha. Ithebhulethi engu-$450 e{2}}nothi iqhudelana ne-iPad eyisisekelo engu-$329 eyenza yonke into eyenziwa yi-e{4}}nothi, kanye nezigidi zezinye izinto. E-nothi abathengi bakhokhela ngokukhethekile iphepha{7}njengokuhlangenwe nakho, ukuphazamisa{8}}indawo ekhululekile, kanye nokuncipha kwamehlo.

Ifomethi-enkulu 13.3-intshi ephushela amanothi e-e ku-$550–$800 ububanzi. Izinguqulo zombala-zisebenzisa Igalari 3-zingadlula$900. Kulezi zintengo, uthenga ithuluzi elikhethekile lokugeleza komsebenzi okukhethekile. Imakethe incane kodwa izinikele.

E-Ama-Ink Monitors ($500–$2,500)

E-Amamonitha ayinki amele inani eliphakeme kakhulu{1}}kuya{2}}ukubalwa kwenani kuyo yonke imakethe. I-Dasung Paperlike 103 engu-10.3 inch iyabiza$500–$800. Leli qapha lesibili elingusayizi wethebhulethi enkulu, elifanele ukubonisa amadokhumenti noma izinto eziyisethenjwa ngenkathi usebenza esikrinini sokuqala. Amamonitha angu-13.3-asuka ku-Boox (Mira series) kanye ne-Dasung (HD-FT) run$800–$1,200. Ngalo sayizi, ungakwazi ukufunda amadokhumenti agcwele ngokunengqondo, uhlele umbhalo, noma uphequlule amawebhusayithi-uma ukwazi ukubekezelela izinga lokuvuselela.

Iziqaphi zedeskithophu ezingama-25.3-inch ziyimikhiqizo ephambili: I-Dasung Paperlike 253 at$2,250, i-Boox Mira Pro ngamanani afanayo, izinguqulo zemibala ziqhubekela phambili$2,500.

U-$2,250 ukuthengela okuningi emakethe yokubonisa. Imonitha engu-32-inch 4K OLED enokuvuselela okungu-120Hz, ukusekelwa kwe-HDR, nezigidi zemibala: cishe u-$900. Imonitha yokuhlela isithombe engu-27-intshi enekhono lokulinganisa umbala wefekthri: cishe u-$700. Imonitha yokudlala egobile engama-intshi angu-49: cishe u-$800.

Ngenani lemonitha eyodwa engu-25.3-intshi e{2}}eyiyinki, ungathenga ama-OLED amabili ebanga lochwepheshe futhi ube nemali esele.

-Amamonitha ayinki awaqhudelani ngevelu. Abaqhudelani ngezici. Badayisela abathengi abanezidingo ezithile-zokunciphisa ukucindezelwa kwamehlo, iphepha{4}}njengobuhle, ukuqedwa kokukhanya{5}}abangenazo ezinye izindlela. Abakhiqizi bayakwazi lokhu. Amanani ayakubonisa.

Izindleko Ezifihliwe Akekho Okutshela Ngazo

Uma wakha umkhiqizo -ngoyinki{1}}ungathengi idivayisi ephelile, kodwa ukwenza okuthile okusha{2}}intengo yephaneli kuyisiqalo.

I-Driver Electronics

Amaphaneli kayinki e-Raw{0} awakwamukeli okokufaka kwedijithali okulula. Zidinga amabhodi esilawuli akwazi ukukhiqiza amagagasi ayinkimbinkimbi-okulandelana kwamandla kagesi anesikhathi ngokunembile ahambisa izinhlayiya ze-pigment ezishajiwe ngaphakathi kwama-microcapsules. Ngaphandle-ku-izilawuli zamashalofu zikhona. I-IT8951 ijwayelekile kumaphaneli amakhulu. Izilawuli ezahlukahlukene ezivela ku-Good Display ne-Waveshare zibamba osayizi abancane. Lezi zengeza$10–$50kubhili yakho yezinto zokwakha, kuye ngokulungiswa nezici. Ukuthuthukiswa komshayeli ngokwezifiso{1}}uma udinga izici ezithile, izindleko eziphansi ngevolumu, noma izici zefomu elincane-kwengeza amaviki esikhathi sobunjiniyela. Udinga onjiniyela bezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha abaqonda{4}}ukushintsha kwamandla kagesi aphezulu, imikhawulo yesikhathi, nokuphathwa kwe-EMI. Lobu buchwepheshe abujwayelekile.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Waveform

Bese kuba nokushuna kwe-waveform-lena yingxenye ethola abantu ngempela. -Izibonisi zikayinki azivele zivule futhi zivale amaphikseli. Ukuvuselela ngakunye kuhilela ukulandelana okulinganiselwe ngokucophelela kwama-voltage pulses okumele abhekane nesimo se-pixel sangaphambilini, isimo esisha esifiselekayo, izinga lokushisa, kanye nekhwalithi yesithombe esifiswayo.

Lawa mathebula okubheka i-waveform ayi-sauce eyimfihlo ye-e{0}}yekhwalithi yokubonisa uyinki. Amagagasi amahle akhiqiza umbhalo ocacile onesipoki esincane. Amagagasi amabi akhiqiza izithombe ezinodaka, ama-artifact abonakalayo, nokugqokwa kwamaphikseli ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Waveform akubhaliwe.Akukho ukucaciswa okusesidlangalaleni. Ayikho ifomethi emisiwe. Lobu ubuciko obumnyama obutholwa ngokuzama nangephutha,{2}}ukwenza abalingiswa okujulile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukusebenzelana okumba eqolo no-E Ink noma ozakwethu abagunyaziwe.

Izinkampani ezifana ne-Good Display ne-Waveshare zinikeza{0}}amagagasi ashuniwe ngaphambili ngamakhithi azo okuthuthukisa. Lokhu kusebenza kahle ekwenzeni i-prototyping kanye{2}}nokukhiqiza okuncane. Ukusetshenziswa ngokwezifiso{4}}izimo zokusebenza ezihlukene, ukwahluka kwamaphaneli ahlukene, izindlela zokuvuselela ezithuthukisiwe-kudinga amaza akhona obunjiniyela ahlehlayo noma ukuthuthukisa amasha kusukela ekuqaleni.

Yenza isabelomali ngendlela efanele.

Thinta Ukuhlanganisa

Amadivayisi amaningi e-e{0}}eyinki yabathengi ahlanganisa okokufaka kokuthinta, okungaba i-capacitive (i-finger touch) noma i-electromagnetic (i-stylus, kusetshenziswa i-Wacom noma ubuchwepheshe bedijithali obufanayo). Izendlalelo zokuthinta azifakiwe emananini ephaneli yesisekelo. Ziyizingxenye ezihlukene okufanele zihlanganiswe nesibonisi, zilinganiswe, futhi zihlanganiswe nesofthiwe yakho. Ukuhlanganiswa kokuthinta kwe-Capacitive kuyengeza20–30%kuzindleko zephaneli. Iphaneli engu-$50 iba ngu-$60–$65 ngokuthinta. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-electromagnetic digitizer-okudingekayo ukuze uthole ukufakwa kwe-stylus okunembile-kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zenothi-kwengeza amaphrimiyamu afanayo, ngezinye izikhathi ngaphezulu.

Front Light Systems

U-E-izibonisi zikayinki ziyabonisa. Zibukeka zizinhle ekukhanyeni okuzungezile kodwa zibe yize ebumnyameni. Amadivayisi amaningi omthengi ahlanganisa ukukhanya kwangaphambili ukuze kulungiswe lo mkhawulo. Amasistimu okukhanya angaphambili asebenzisa unqenqema-ama-LED akhweziwe neziqondiso zokukhanya ukuze asabalalise ukukhanya endaweni ebonisa ukukhanya. -Amalambu angaphambili aklanywe kahle awabonakali uma evaliwe futhi anikeza ukukhanya okulingene uma kusebenza. Amalambu angaphambili aklanywe kabi adala izindawo ezishisayo ezibonakalayo, ukukhanya okungalingani, nokucwebezela okuphazamisayo. Amamojula okukhanya angaphambili ayengeza$5–$20ngeyunithi ngayinye kuye ngekhwalithi nezici ezifana nokulungiswa kwezinga lokushisa lombala. Ukuhlanganiswa kwedizayini{1}}ukuqinisekisa amabhondi egayidi yokukhanya ngokufanelekile esibonisini ngaphandle kokuthinta ikhwalithi yokubona{2}}kudinga ubunjiniyela obengeziwe.

Ingozi ye-Supply Chain

Mhlawumbe izindleko ezifihlekile ezibaluleke kakhulu:ukuncika{0}komthombo owodwa. I-E Ink Holdings iwumhlinzeki wakho kuphela wezibonisi ze-electrophoretic. Uma benenkinga yokukhiqiza, unenkinga yokukhiqiza. Uma amanani azo enyuka, amamajini akho ayancipha. Uma isidingo esivela kumakhasimende amakhulu (i-Amazon, abathengisi abakhulu be-ESL) sisebenzisa isabelo esitholakalayo, ama-oda akho ahlehliswa.

Akukho ukubuyela emuva. Awukho umthombo wesibili. Akekho omunye umhlinzeki ongamfanelekela ngesikhathi sokushoda.

Izinkampani zehardware ezihlakaniphile zakha ubudlelwano nabahlinzeki abaningi bezingxenye ezibalulekile. Ngoyinki-ka-e, lokhu akunakwenzeka. I-supply chain yakho inephuzu elilodwa lokwehluleka, elilawulwa inkampani okungenzeka ukuthi izintshisekelo zayo zingahambelani nezakho.

Kwenzekani Ngokulandelayo

Ukubikezela ikusasa kuyingozi. Ukubikezela ikusasa le-monopoly{1}imakethe elawulwayo kukabili. Kodwa izitayela ezithile zibonakala zingenzeka.

Eduze-Isikhathi (Iminyaka engu-1–2)

Onyakeni olandelayo noma emibili, izintengo zephaneli yombala zizokwehla kancane njengoba isikali sokukhiqiza se-Kaleido 3. Ubuchwepheshe buvuthwe ngokwanele ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi, futhi ukuncintisana phakathi kwabakhiqizi bemishini kufanele kudale ingcindezi ethile yentengo. Izibonisi ezinkulu-zefomethi ezingaphezu kwamayintshi angu-25 zizongena-ukukhiqizwa kwevolumu ephezulu. Amamonitha angu-25.3-amayintshi okwamanje asemakethe empeleni ayimikhiqizo{13}}yakhiwe ngesandla. Njengoba ukukhiqizwa kumiswa, amanani angase ehle ngo-10-20%. Imakethe yelebula yeshalofu lika-elekthronikhi iyaqhubeka nokukhula ngokushesha, iqhuba isidingo esiphelele samaphaneli kayinki e-e{15}. Lezi yizindaba ezinhle zekusasa lobuchwepheshe, nakuba ukukhula kwe-ESL kuzuzisa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwamaphaneli amancane kunosayizi abagxile kubathengi.

Akukho ukuphazamiseka kwentengo okubalulekile okufanele kulindelwe kulesi sikhathi. I-E Ink's monopoly ihlala ivikelekile. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezokukhiqiza kuthatha iminyaka ukuthi kwenzeke. Akukho okusondele{3}}emkhathini oseduze okusongela isimo esikhona.

-Isikhathi Esimaphakathi (3–5 Iminyaka)

Onyakeni wesithathu olandelayo, amalungelo obunikazi engeziwe azophelelwa yisikhathi, okuvula amathuba okuncintisana. Ukuthi noma kukhona ozosebenzisa lezi zikhala akuqinisekwanga.

Izimbangi Chineseyethula usongo olungokoqobo kakhulu ekubuseni kwe-E Ink. I-Guangzhou OED ithuthukise ubuchwepheshe be-electrophoretic iminyaka ngempumelelo yezohwebo elinganiselwe. I-BOE-umkhiqizi wokubonisa omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni{3}}itshale kubuchwepheshe be-DES (Digital Electrophoretic System) obungakwazi ukuncintisana nokunikezwa kwe-E Ink.

Uma laba baqhudelana befinyelela ukusebenza kwezentengiso{{0}okukhulu uma{1}}izintengo zingehla ngo-20–30% njengoba abakhiqizi bedivayisi bezuza amandla okuxoxisana. Ukuncintisana akudingi ukubamba ingxenye enkulu yemakethe ukuze kuthinte amanani; ukuba khona nje kokunye okuthembekile kushintsha amandla okuxoxisana.

Izindleko zephepha ze-e{0}}eziguqukayo kufanele zehle njengoba izinqubo zokukhiqiza zikhula. Amaphaneli aguquguqukayo njengamanje ayala amaprimiyamu abalulekile phezu kwezibonisi ezisekelwe ezingilazini eziqinile{2}. Lawa maphrimiyamu angase anciphe njengezikali zokukhiqiza.

Izinguquko Ezingaziwa

Kodwa akekho ongabikezela:Ingabe i-BOE noma ezinye iziqhwaga zokubonisa zizotshala imali ngokungathí sina kubuchwepheshe be-electrophoretic?I-BOE inamandla okukhiqiza, ithalente lobunjiniyela, kanye nezinsiza zezimali zokuphonsela inselelo i-E Ink ngokuqondile. Kodwa i-e{1}}iphepha iyimakethe encane ngokwezindinganiso ze-BOE. Imakethe ka-$1 bhiliyoni iyiphutha eliphelele lenkampani enezigidigidi ezingu-$30+ zenzuzo yonyaka. Indaba yesu lokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu ayicacile.

Ingabe obunye ubuchwepheshe buzothola impumelelo yezentengiselwano?I-Cholesteric LCD inikeza ezinye{0}iphepha{1}}izici ezifana ne-e (i-bistable, ekhanyayo) enezindleko zokukhiqiza okungenzeka zibe phansi. Imibukiso ye-Electrowetting yathembisa okuningi kodwa ilethwa kancane ngokwezentengiso. Ubuchwepheshe obusha bungase buvele. Ukuthi noma iyiphi ingakwazi ukufanisa{5}}nenhlanganisela ye-e{6}}yokugqama, ukuqina, i-engeli yokubuka, ukuguquguquka{7}}kusazobonakala.

Ingabe i-E Ink izokwehlisa amanani ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukuze ivikele isabelo semakethe?Abenzi be-monopolists ababhekene nokuncintisana okungenzeka ngezinye izikhathi banciphisa amanani ngendlela ehlelekile, bemukela ama-margin aphansi ukuze bavimbele ukutshalwa kwezimali ngabangase bancintisane nabo. I-E Ink inganciphisa amanani ngo-20–30% futhi ihlale inenzuzo. Ingabe bebengadela umkhawulo ukuze balondoloze ubunikazi? Isinqumo asisona esomnotho kuphela-sibandakanya ithiyori yegeyimu, isu lebhizinisi, nokuhlolwa kwezinsongo zokuncintisana abantu bangaphandle abangakwazi ukuzihlola.

Ngabe i-Apple, i-Samsung, noma abanye abadlali abakhulu bazongena emakethe?Inkampani enkulu yama-elekthronikhi yabathengi ethuthukisa{0}imikhiqizo kayinki ebucayi ingalolonga kabusha lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka. Intshisekelo ye-Apple e{2}}ephepheni inamahemuhemu iminyaka kungekho engaboniswa lutho. AbakwaSamsung banekhono lokwenza isibonisi ukuze baqhudelane ne-E Ink ngokuqondile uma begqugquzelekile. Akekho noyedwa owenza umnyakazo ozwakalayo kuleli cala.

Ukuhlola okuthembekile: akekho owaziyo. Umphumela ongenzeka kakhulu uwukuqhubekela phambili kokuvela kancane kancane{1}}kwezintengo zokwehla kancane kancane, kancane kancane ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe, ukukhulisa kancane kancane izinhlelo zokusebenza{2}}kunokuphazamiseka okukhulu. Kodwa ukuphazamiseka, uma kwenzeka, kungafika ngokushesha.

U-E-intengo yokubonisa uyinki ayinqunywa inkimbinkimbi yokukhiqiza, izindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo, noma ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kobuchwepheshe. Kunqunywa ukwakheka kwemakethe.

Inkampani eyodwa ilawula ukunikezwa. Ukuncintisana okuvimba amalungelo obunikazi. Imakethe incane kakhulu ukuthi ingaheha{2}abaphonseli inselelo abaxhaswe kahle. Amanani ahlala ephezulu ngoba akukho okubaphoqayo ukuba behle.

Kubathengi, lokhu kudala ukubala okulula:

Ngaphansi kuka-$50ikutholela amamojula amancane okuthuthukisa-2.9" kuya ku-5.8"-okwenza i-prototyping, amaphrojekthi e-IoT, nokufunda. Kuleli qophelo lentengo, u-e{6}}uyinki unengqondo kumaphrojekthi athanda ukuzilibazisa ngisho nangeprimiyamu kune-LCD. Izici eziyingqayizivele-zephepha{8}}njengokubukeka, ukuqina, ukufundeka emini-zithethelela izindleko zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifanele.

$100–$300ihlanganisa -abafundi be-e yabathengi kanye namadivayisi ayisisekelo we-e{1}}nothi. Imakethe ye-e-reader engu-6-ifinyelele ekuvuthweni kwangempela kanye nenani lentengo elizwakalayo. Uma ufuna idivayisi yokufunda ezinikele, isiphakamiso senani siqinile.

$400–$800uthenga amaphilisi e-e{0}}amanothi achwepheshile nama-e{1}}amamonitha ayinki amancane. Ukhokha amaphrimiyamu amakhulu ephepha-njengokuhlangenwe nakho kokubhala kanye nokunciphisa{4}}ukucindezeleka kwamehlo. Lawa ngamathuluzi wokugeleza komsebenzi othile, hhayi{6}}amadivayisi enhloso evamile.

$1,500–$2,500iyindawo yokuqapha eyinki yedeskithophu-. Abathengi kulesi sigaba banezidingo ezithize-zezinkinga zeso elibucayi, izintandokazi ezithile zobuhle, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezichwepheshile ezidinga iphepha{3}}elifana nezibonisi{4}}futhi akukho okunye. Amanani akhombisa isidingo sokuthunjwa.

$3,000 nangaphezuluimele ukuboniswa kwefomethi enkulu{0}okukhethekile, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokwezifiso zezimboni, nezixazululo zezimpawu zedijithali. Lokhu ukuthengwa kwebhizinisi ngezabelomali zebhizinisi, okuxoxiswene ngakho ngeziteshi ze-B2B.

Lawa manani awalungile. Awasebenzi kahle. Azibonisi izindleko zokukhiqiza zobuchwepheshe ngesilinganiso esifanele. Ziyizindleko zokuthenga ku-monopoly emakethe lapho kungekho muntu owakhe enye indlela esebenzayo.

Umbuzo awukona ukuthi-izibonisi ze-ink ziyabiza yini. Banjalo, ngokungenakuphikwa.

Umbuzo uthi ingabe ukhona yini ozokwephula ukubamba kwe-E Ink Holdings emakethe ngaphambi kokuthi ubuchwepheshe buphelelwe yisikhathi-buqashwe ubuchwepheshe obuthile besikhathi esizayo obubonisayo obunikeza{1}}izinzuzo zephepha ngaphandle kwemingcele futhi ngaphandle kwentengo yayo eyodwa.