-Kushelufu Ukutholakala Kokudayisa: Izimbangela, Amamethrikhi, kanye Nendlela Yokukulungisa

Lelo gebe phakathi kokurekhodwa kwesistimu nalokho umthengi angakuthenga empeleni liyinkinga yokutholakala{0}kushelufu. Ngokuvumelana neUcwaningo lweqembu le-IHL,{0}ku{0}{1}}ezitokisini zibiza abathengisi bomhlaba ngaphezulu kuka-$1.2 trillion ekuthengisweni okulahlekile unyaka ngamunye. Okuningi kwalokho kulahlekelwa kuyagwemeka - kodwa uma usuqonda ukuthi ukwehluleka kuqala kuphi.

Yini Okukhona-Ekushelufini Ukutholakala?

-ekutholakaleni kweshelufu (OSA) kulinganisa ingxenye yemikhiqizo ekhona ngokoqobo, ebekwe ngendlela efanele, futhi ethengekayo endaweni ethengisayo ngesikhathi esithile - hhayi lokho okufakwe ohlelweni lokuphatha impahla, hhayi lokho okuhlezi ebhokisini elingavuliwe ekamelweni elingemuva.

Umphakathi we-ECRichaza i-OSA njengokutholakala komkhiqizo "endaweni umthengi awulindele futhi ngesikhathi afuna ukuwuthenga." Kokubili indawo nokubala kwesikhathi. Umkhiqizo ophushelwe ngemuva kweshalofu noma obekwe endaweni engafanele ungaba khona ngokoqobo kodwa ungatholakali.

I-OSA Rate Formula

Isilinganiso se-OSA (%)=(Ama-SKU atholakala eshalofini ÷ Isamba sama-SKU ahleliwe) × 100

Isibonelo:Isitolo sihlela ama-SKU asebenzayo angu-2,000. Ukuhlola kuqinisekisa ukuthi oku-1,{4}} kuyathengeka endaweni ethengiswayo. I-OSA=93%. Lelo gebe elingu-7% libonakala kuwo wonke amakhasimende ahambayo. Isistimu yakho yokugcwalisa ingase ingazi ukuthi ikhona.

Liyini Isilinganiso esihle se-OSA?

Abathengisi abaningi begrosa kanye ne-FMCG bakhomba u-95% noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphansi kuka-90% ukhomba ekuhlulekeni kwesistimu ekugcwaliseni kabusha, ukunemba kwe-inventory, noma ukusetshenziswa kwesitolo. Ngisho nama-95% asho ukuthi umkhiqizo ongu-1 kwengama-20 olindelwe awutholakali kunoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa. Ithagethi ngesivinini:

I-OSA uma iqhathaniswa

Umkhiqizo "ungaba esitokweni" ngamayunithi angu-30 ekamelweni elingemuva kuyilapho ishalofu lingenalutho. {2}Izinga lesitoko lifihla lokhu. I-OSA ayifuni.

Inkinga ye-Phantom Inventory

Uhlu lwe-Phantom lwenzeka lapho i-WMS yakho irekhoda umkhiqizo njengotholakalayo, kodwa into ebonakalayo ayikho eshalofini. Ngoba uhlelo lukholelwa ukuthi isitokwe sikhona, akukho mlilo we-oda lokugcwalisa. Ishalofu lihlala lingenalutho. Awukho umcimbi wokuphuma kwesitoko ongenile.

Izimbangela ezivamile: ukweba ngaphandle kokwenziwa kwesistimu, amaphutha okuthola, ukubuyiselwa okungaphathwanga kahle okumakwe njengokutholwe kabusha, kanye namaphutha wokuskena wokukhokha ahlulekayo ukwehlisa isitokwe ngendlela efanele.

Akukho ukulungisa{0}okususelwe kusistimu. Ukuqinisekiswa okungokoqobo - ngokubala komjikelezo ovamile, ukulandelelwa kwe-RFID, noma ubuchwepheshe bokuqapha ishelufu - kuyadingeka. Iphuzu lokuqala elidingekayo ukwamukela ukuthi isibalo sakho se-WMS kanye nesimo sakho sangempela seshelufu izinombolo ezimbili ezihlukene.

Izimbangela Ezinhlanu Zokuntula-Ukutholakala Kweshelufu

Ukukhetha isixazululo ngaphambi kokuhlonza umsuka kulapho iningi lezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa i-OSA limi khona.

1. Phantom yokusungula.I-WMS ithi isitokwe sikhona; ishalofu alinalutho; i-trigger yokuhlela kabusha ayivuthi. Inqwabelana buthule kumakhulukhulu ama-SKU ezitolo{1}}eziphezulu.

2. Isitoko sangemuva esingafiki phansi.Impahla iyamukelwe, ifakwe, futhi ishiywe ekhathoni ku-stockroom. Ukwehluleka kwenqubo nokuziphendulela - akuyona inkinga yokuhlinzeka - kanye nesinye sezimbangela ezingaxilongiwe kakhulu ekuthengiseni.

3. Ukubikezela kwesidingo okunganembile.Izinqumo zokuthenga ezakhelwe kuma-avareji omlando aphansi ahlala ehluleka phakathi kwamaphromoshini, iziqongo zesizini, nemicimbi yasendaweni. Umkhiqizo uthengisa ngokushesha kunalokho obekulindelwe; ukulethwa kufika sekwephuzile.

4. Ukungathobeli-i-Planogram.Imikhiqizo esendaweni engalungile noma lapho kubhekwe khona ngendlela engafanele ayitholakali kubathengi noma ngabe izibalo ze-inventory zinembile. Izitolo eziningi zihlola ukuthobela umthetho akuvamile ukuba zikubambe lokhu ngaphambi kokuba amakhasimende akwenze.

5. Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Supply chain.Ukubambezeleka komhlinzeki kanye nokuhlukahluka kwesikhathi sokuhola kwephula umjikelezo wokugcwalisa ngaphambi kokuba umkhiqizo ufinyelele esitolo. Izigcinalwazi zesitoko esincane sokuphepha zikhulisa konke ukuphazamiseka komfula.

Ukuxilonga okuwusizo:uma uthola ishalofu elingenalutho, hlola ukuthi igumbi elingemuva linaso yini isitokwe. Uma kunjalo, inkinga ukusebenzisa - ngaphakathi kanye nokusebenza. Uma kungekho lutho esakhiweni, inkinga iwukunikezwa noma ukubikezela. Lokhu kudinga izimpendulo ezihlukene, abantu abahlukene, nesabelomali esihlukene.

Ungathuthuka Kanjani-Ekutholakaleni Kweshelufu

Isinyathelo 1: Lungisa ukunemba kwedatha ye-inventory kuqala

Alikho ithuluzi lokugcwalisa, imodeli yokubikezela, noma ikhamera yeshalofu esebenza kahle kudatha embi. Qalisa izibalo zomjikelezo ozungezayo ngezigaba kunokulinda ukubalwa kwesitoko kwaminyaka yonke - okuphezulu{2}}imigqa yesivinini idinga ukubalwa njalo kakhulu. Qeqesha abasebenzi abamukelayo ukuze baqinisekise yonke into ngaphambi kokuthola irisidi yokungena. Susa izimpahla ezilimele ku-inventory esebenzayo ngokushesha; i-phantom inventory compounds eshesha kakhulu lapho-ukucima kubambezeleka.

Isinyathelo sesi-2: Yenza ukugcwaliseka kucace, hhayi okuvamile

"Hlola amashalofu" akuwona umyalo. Yonke i-SKU idinga ubuncane beshelufu obulinganiselwe obuhambisana nenani layo lokuthengisa lansuku zonke kanye nesikhathi sokuhola. Uma isitoko siwela ngaphansi kwalowo mkhawulo, umsebenzi oqanjwe igama uyakhiqizwa ngomkhiqizo, indawo, inani, nomnqamulajuqu. Izinqubo zokugcwalisa ekuseni ezinesibopho sokuziphendulela ngesigaba ngasinye zivala igumbi elingemuva{3}}ukuze{4}}igebe eliphansi ngokushesha kunanoma yiluphi olunye ushintsho olulodwa. Ukuqondaukuthi amasistimu okuphatha amashalofu alula kanjani ukugeleza komsebenzi wokugcwalisakungasiza ukukhomba lapho okuzenzakalelayo kungena khona kule nqubo.

Isinyathelo sesi-3: Qinisa ukusebenzisana kwabahlinzeki

• Yabelana ngesivinini sokuthengisa kanye nedatha yesimo sesitoko nabaphakeli ababalulekile ngeshejuli evamile
• Xoxisana ngezibopho zesikhathi sokuhola eziqinile ukuze uthole-ama-SKU esivinini esiphezulu
• Hlola i-vendor-managed inventory (VMI) ukuze uthole izigaba ezinzile,{1}}zevolumu ephezulu
• Yakha amaphrothokholi{0}}oku-oda ngaphambilini ngaphambi kokuthi ukwenyuka kwesidingo kudalule izikhala zokuhlinzeka

Isinyathelo sesi-4: Hlela iziqongo zesidingo

Ukugcwaliswa kabusha ngokusekelwe esilinganisweni seviki eledlule kwehluleka ngendlela enokwethenjelwa phakathi-nezikhathi ezimaphakathi. Yakha amakhalenda okuphromotha, amaphethini esizini, nemicimbi yasendaweni eyaziwayo ukuze wenze izinqumo zoku-oda. Uma isivinini sangempela se-SKU sihluka esibikezelweni amaviki amabili noma ngaphezulu alandelanayo, kuphathe njengenkinga yemodeli - hhayi eyodwa-evaliwe ukuze ulinde.

Isinyathelo sesi-5: Yenza ukuthobela kweplanogram kube inombolo, hhayi indinganiso

Ukwethulwa kweshelufu kuyingxenye-yokutholakala eshalofini. Hlola ukuthobela umthetho ngemva kokusethwa kabusha kwephromoshini kanye nezikhathi zokushintsha kwesizini - lapho ukuhlelwa kweshalofu kwehla ngokushesha okukhulu. Amaqembu abona idatha yokuthobelana ayayigcina; amaqembu atshelwe ukuthi "agcine amashalofu ecocekile" awafuni.

Ubuchwepheshe obusekela i-OSA engcono

Ubuchwepheshe bukhulisa izinqubo ezinhle. Qondanisa ithuluzi nokwehluleka okutholile.

Amalebula Eshalofu Kagesi

Amalebula eshalofu kagesibuyisela omaka bephepha ngezibonisi ezibuyekeziwe zeshalofu{0}}. Ixhunywe kumasistimu we-inventory, iqalisa{2}}izaziso zesitoko esiphansi uma umkhiqizo uwela ngaphansi komkhawulo omisiwe - oxhumanisa ishelufu ngokuqondile nokugeleza komsebenzi. Kubathengisi abanesisindo sokushintsha, ukubukezaizinzuzo kanye nokubi amalebula eshalofu electroniceceleni kwe-practicalI-ESL vs. ukuqhathanisa ilebula yephephaubeka amathemba angokoqobo.Ukuthunyelwa kwesitolo segrosa ESLngokuqhubekayo bonisa ukuncipha komsebenzi wokwenza amanani okwenziwa ngesandla kanye nokuphendula kokugcwalisa ngokushesha.

Ukuze kuhlolwe imali,izindleko zangempela zokuthunyelwa kwe-ESLkudlulele ngale kwehardware ukuya engqalasizinda kanye nokulungiswa okuqhubekayo. AnESL ROI wokubalaingakwazi ukukhokhela imodeli ngokuqhathaniswa nokonga kwabasebenzi kanye nezinzuzo zokuthuthukisa i-OSA.Izidingo zokufakaziyahlukahluka ngefomethi yesitolo nengqalasizinda yenethiwekhi ekhona.

I-RFID kanye ne-Computer Vision

I-RFID iletha imiphumela eqine kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwezingubo, lapho usayizi-okwehlukile{1}}umbala{1}}okwehluka kwesitayela kwenza uhlu lwe-phantom futhi kube nzima ukulithola esikalini. Kumafomethi-evolumu ephezulu yegrosa,{4}}izindleko zethegi yento ngayinye azibophezeleki kakhulu. Amasistimu okuqapha ishalofu lombono wekhompyutha ahlaba umkhosi izikhala nemikhiqizo ebekwe endaweni engafanele ngokuqhubekayo, anciphisa ukugoba phakathi komcimbi we-OSA nesenzo sokulungisa ukusuka emahoreni ukuya kumaminithi.

Amaphutha Amathathu Abuyisela Izinhlelo Ze-OSA

Ukwethemba isibalo se-WMS ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa ngokomzimba

Amayunithi angamashumi ayisithupha ohlelweni akusho ukuthi amayunithi angamashumi ayisithupha aseshalofini, awalimalanga, abekwe ngendlela efanele, futhi afinyeleleka kubathengi. Amarekhodi e-WMS abonisa lokho okuskeniwe - hhayi isimo seshelufu esingokoqobo. Isimo se-inventory ye-phantom yakudala: isistimu ibonisa isitoko esigcwele kuyilapho ingxenye ingenalutho izinsuku ezintathu. Izibalo zesistimu ziyisiqalo, hhayi esikhundleni sokuqinisekisa ngokomzimba.

Ukukhuphuka komfula ngaphambi kokuhlola igumbi elingemuva

Uma amashalofu engenalutho, i-reflex iwukuxhumana nethimba elithengayo noma umphakeli. Kodwa ekuhlulekeni okuningi kwe-OSA, isitokwe sisesakhiweni - asikakahanjiswanga phansi. Ngaphambi kokukhuphuka, qinisekisa ukuthi ukubulawa kuwumkhawulo. Impendulo inquma ukuthi udinga ingxoxo ye-supply chain noma i-shift briefing. Ukudida okubili kumosha isikhathi futhi kudala ukungqubuzana endaweni engafanele.

Ukulinganisa i-OSA njengenombolo yesitolo esisodwa{0}}ebanzi

Izinga lesitolo esingu-94%-leveli ye-OSA lingaba khona kanye nesigaba esisebenza ku-67% nama-SKU angukhiye angaphansi kuka-60%. Amamethrikhi ahlanganisiwe afihla ukuhluka kokusebenza okubangela izikhalazo eziningi zamakhasimende. Ukulandelela i-OSA esigabeni kanye neleveli ye-SKU - ebuyekezwa yisitolo futhi ngeviki - kuguqula imethrikhi isuke kunombolo yokuthobela iyenze ithuluzi lokusebenza.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Liyini isilinganiso esihle sokutholakala-kushelufu?

Abathengisi begrosa kanye ne-FMCG ngokuvamile bakhomba u-95% noma ngaphezulu kuma-SKU ajwayelekile. Ngaphansi kuka-90% kubonisa izinkinga zesistimu ezidinga ukuxilongwa kwezimpande. Ithagethi elungile iyahlukahluka ngesivinini sesigaba - esiphezulu-izinto ezibalulekile zefrikhwensi zithethelela imingcele eqinile kunemigqa ekhethekile ehamba kancane-ehambayo.

Yini edala ukungabibikho-kushelufu?

Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu i-phantom inventory, i-backroom ehamba kancane-u{1}}ukudluliswa kweshalofu, isibikezelo sesidingo esingalungile, ukungahambisani{2}}ne-planogram, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-supply chain. Izitolo eziningi zibhekana nezimbalwa ngasikhathi sinye. Umbuzo wokuxilonga - ingabe isitokwe se-backroom sikhona uma ishalofu lingenalutho? - kufanele eze ngaphambi kokukhetha noma yisiphi isisombululo.

Amalebula eshalofu e-elekthronikhi asiza kanjani nge-OSA?

Ama-ESL asusa amaphutha entengo okwenziwa ngesandla adala ukudideka kweshalofu futhi anike amandla izexwayiso{0}}zesitoko esiphansi uma ehlanganiswe nezinkundla zempahla.Amandla entengo anamandlafuthi uvumele abathengisi ukuthi balawule isidingo ngokusebenza kanzima ngokumelene nezimo zesitoko. Ukuze ingqalasizinda ye-ESL ixhumeke kanjani nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokudayisa,lokhu kubuka konke kwezixazululo zelebula zamashalofu e-electronicihlanganisa izingxenye ezibalulekile.

Ingabe i-OSA ingathuthukiswa ngaphandle kobuchwepheshe obuphambili?

Yebo. Ukubala okunembile komjikelezo, izabelo ezithile zomsebenzi wokugcwalisa, kanye nokulandelwa kwe-planogram elandelwayo yizinguquko zokusebenza ezibiza kancane futhi ezivame ukuletha imiphumela esheshayo. Ubuchwepheshe busheshisa izinqubo ezinhle - abuzidali. Izitolo eziningi zithola ukuthuthukiswa okuphusile kwe-OSA phakathi namasonto ngaphambi kokuthi kwenziwe noma yikuphi ukutshalwa kwezimali kobuchwepheshe.

Ungaqalaphi

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-OSA kuwumsebenzi wokuxilonga ngaphambi kokuba kube yisinqumo sobuchwepheshe. Thola lapho i-inventory yakho ishiya khona isistimu futhi yehluleka ukufinyelela eshalofini. Uma usuwazi ukuthi inkinga ikudatha, izinqubo, ubudlelwano babahlinzeki, noma ukusetshenziswa kwesitolo, ukungenelela okulungile - kanye ne-ROI yabo - kuba sobala kakhulu.

Uma uhlolaizixazululo zelebula yeshalofu kagesinjengengxenye yohlelo lokusebenza lweshalofu, noma ukuhlolakungani abathengisi beshintsha ukusuka kumalebula ephepha baye ekubonisweni kwamashalofu edijithali, ukusekela leso sinqumo ekuxilongweni kwembangela ecacile kuzokwenza ukutshalwa kwezimali kuqine kakhulu.