Lesi sihloko ekuqaleni besibonakala siyi-aI-Walmartindaba.I-Walmartiyisiqalo esihle, njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi yiyona-indaba eyaziwa kakhulu.
I-Walmartbamemezele ngo-2024 ukuthi bakhipha amalebula eshalofu e-electronic ezitolo eziyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa ngo-2026. Ngemva komshayeli wendiza e-Texas, banqume ukwenza okukhulu. I-Walmart isebenzisela ini lolu hlelo? Izinto ezimbili: Okokuqala, abasebenzi bashintsha izintengo ngohlelo lokusebenza lweselula-umsebenzi obuvame ukuthatha izinsuku ezimbili manje uthatha imizuzu nje. Okwesibili, amalebula ama-flash lights ukusiza abasebenzi ukuthi bathole ngokushesha izinto ezidinga ukuvuselelwa noma ukucoshwa. Esitolo esikhulu esiphethe amashumi ezinkulungwane zama-SKU, lokhu kumelela imali yangempela ezinzuzweni ezisebenza kahle.
Nokho, iYurophu ibilokhu ikwenza lokhu amashumi eminyaka.IMetroe-Germany ingene kule geyimu emuva maphakathi-no-90s-mhlawumbe u-1995, nakuba lokhu kungaqinisekisiwe ngokugcwele-lapho inkampani ethile yase-Swedish iwina inkontileka yezitolo zabo ze-Cash & Carry. Cishe eminyakeni engu-30 ngaphambili kunalokho abantu abaningi abacabanga ngakho "njengobuchwepheshe obusha."
Ngakho-ke lapho osopolitiki baseMelika beqala ukuxakeka "ngamanani akhuphukayo" ehlobo eledlule, abantu baseYurophu babe nalezi zinto unomphela futhi akekho ovuka umbhejazane emigwaqweni ngenxa yentengo yesinkwa.
Okuningi kuleyo mpikiswano kamuva. Okokuqala, okwengeziwe ngokuthi ubani ngempela osebenzisa lezi zinto.
Abathengisi base-United States
Krogeriqale ukuhlola esikhathini esithile cishe ngo-2018, mhlawumbe ngaphambi kwalokho, futhi isikhule yaba ngamakhulu ambalwa ezitolo manje. Isistimu yabo inegama elithile eliphambili-i-EDGE something, elimele Isiboniso Esithuthukisiwe Sendawo Yokudla{3}}futhi ngaphandle kokubonisa amanani, ingabonisa ulwazi lokudla okunempilo, izikhangiso eziqondene nawe, namakhuphoni. I-CEO yabo ngaleso sikhathi yasho into enhle ngokwakha i-ecosystem engenamthungo enikwa amandla idatha. Okuphawulekayo ngo-Kroger kwaba impendulo yabo "ekukhathazekeni kwentengo yokwenyuka"-"Ukuze kucace, u-Kroger akakaze asebenzise amanani okukhula." Leso isitatimende esiqinile, futhi kungani le mpikiswano empeleni ingeyona{8}}indaba izonwetshwa kamuva.
I-Amazon FreshfuthiUkudla Okuphelelenazo, kunjalo. I-Amazon ifuna ukuzama-kubuchwepheshe besitolo{2}}amalebula eshalofu kagesi adala ukusebenzisana nesistimu yawo ye-Just Walk Out checkout{3}}yamahhala.I-Kohlyayingaphambi kwalokho, ukuzisebenzisa kusukela cishe ngo-2015 noma kunjalo, okubenza babe ngabanye abatholwa ngaphambili e-USIthagethiseziqalile futhi ukusetshenziswa, nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwazo kuhluke kancane-kakhulu zisebenzisa isofthiwe yelebula yeshalofu ye-elekthronikhi ngaphambi{1}}kokufaka izakhiwo zesitolo nokulandelana kwamashalofu, njengethuluzi lokuphatha ishalofu.
EYurophu
Imakethe yaseYurophu iqukethe amacala enza ukuthunyelwa kwaseMelika kubukeke kunesizotha.
EJalimane
IJalimane cishe iyona enolaka kakhulu. IAldiabafowethu benza okuthile kwesiJalimane okwamanje-beqalisa ukubhaka okusemthethweni{1}}nabahlinzeki abaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Okungenani abathengisi abathathu noma abane bayaqhudelana, okuhlanganisa naleyo nkampani yaseKorea kanye neyaseFrance. Umnyakazo wakudala: kungani ukhethe umthengisi oyedwa uma ungabenza baqhudelane?Aldi Südihlomise izitolo cishe eziyikhulu-kuze kube manje, kodwa ngokusobala abajahi ukuzibophezela. Ngaleso sikhathi kukhona elinye iketango lesiJalimane{2}}Kaufland-ukukhishwa ukuze kukhiqizwe izigaba kuqala, futhiLidlungene-nomunye wabaphakeli abakhulu base-Europe.
Kodwa ukuthatha okuqotho kakhulu kuveladm, iketango lesitolo sezidakamizwa. Umfo wabo we-IT uvele wakusho kuqondile-okuthile mayelana nokuthi ukubuyisela kanjani utshalomali olukhulu kuhlala kunzima, yingakho beqhubeka nokuhlola. Kunengqondo uma ucabanga ngakho-i-dm isebenzisa amanani angaguquki, ngakho-ke yini ngempela abayisheshisayo? Akuwona wonke umthengisi odinga lokhu.
France
I-France inenzuzo encane yasekhaya lapha-omunye wabahlinzeki belebula lamashalofu e-elekthronikhi abakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni uyikomkhulu lapho. Kukhona aI-Carrefouricala okufanele liphawulwe: isitolo esithile semiqondo e-Paris sifake izinkulungwane zamalebula ngesikhathi esisodwa, sihlanganisa idizayini yasemadolobheni, ukudla okuphilayo, nezinsizakalo zasendaweni konke ndawonye. AbaseYurophu bayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunabaseMelika uma kukhulunywa ngemibono yokudayisa.
E-Netherlands
Ukukhuluma ngobunyoninco-Albert HeijneNetherlands uqhamuke nento entsha ngempela. Kusukela ngo-2023, bahlole i-AI-eqhutshwa "izaphulelo eziguqukayo": imikhiqizo yehla ngokuzenzakalelayo enanini ngokusekelwe kudethi yokuphelelwa yisikhathi{3}}lapho sekusondele isikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi, lapho isaphulelo sishubile. I-algorithm icubungula indawo, amaphromoshini, isimo sezulu, ukuthengiswa komlando, kanye nempahla. Othile ovela ethimbeni labo lokusimama uthe, izitolo ezinkulu zilahla inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo nsuku zonke, futhi bacabanga ukuthi lokho kuningi kakhulu. Uma lokhu empeleni kubeka isifaca emfuthweni wokudla, lokho kukodwa kuqinisekisa ubuchwepheshe.
i-United Kingdom
Idatha enhle e-UK kunzima ukuyithola. Ukuthunyelwa okuhlakazekile, akukho okuhlelekile.
eNorway
INorway ifanelwe ukukhulunywa ngokuhlukile. Enye yezinto ezinkulu-zokusebenza lapho inedatha yangempela ebonisa ukwaneliseka kwekhasimende okunyukile ngemva kokufaka amalebula eshalofu e-electronic, ngoba abathengi bathande ulwazi lomkhiqizo olucace kakhudlwana kanye nemininingwane yokungezwani nomzimba. Okungalindelekile{3}}lawa malebula athathwa njengokudlala nje kokusebenza, kodwa ngokusobala amakhasimende ayaqaphela futhi ayakhathalela. Abathengi baseNorwegian sebevele bejwayele ukushintsha amanani entengo yegrosa.
Kodwa ngo-Agasti 2024, kwaphuma izindaba ezinkulu eNorway: iziphathimandla zabo zokuncintisana zashaya inhlawulo enkulu emaketangeni amakhulu egrosa ngokwabelana ngokungemthetho ngolwazi lwentengo. Nakuba ibihilela "abazingeli bamanani" abantu esikhundleni samalebula amashalofu e-electronic ngokwawo, leli cala lizwakale njenge-alamu kuyo yonke imboni-uma ubuchwepheshe bokubonisa izinto obala busetshenziswa kabi, kunezingozi zokungathembeki.
E-Asia
Okwenzeka e-Asia kuyindaba ehluke ngokuphelele.
Japan
I-Japan cishe iyicala elithakazelisa kakhulu. Uhulumeni empeleni ubeke umnqamulajuqu onzima: izitolo ezithengisa ukudla kufanele zithole i-RFID ephelele noma ilebula yeshalofu lika-elekthronikhi ngo-2025. Ngakho-ke amaketanga amakhulu{2}}7-Ishumi nanye, I-FamilyMart-abakukhethi ngempela ukuthatha, bayaphushwa. Ukuthi bazofinyelela lokho okuhlosiwe omunye umbuzo, kodwa igunya likhona.
China kanye Korea
Ucwaningo olwenziwa eChina naseKorea lwalungajulile ngendlela okwakufanele lube ngayo. Okwaziwayo ukuthi abagcini nje ngokuthatha{1}}bayakhiqiza. Okungenani kunomhlinzeki oyedwa omkhulu waseShayina kanye noyedwa waseKorea osephenduke abadlali ababalulekile emhlabeni jikelele. Amagama abo avela ngokubambisana okungahleliwe njalo. I-engeli ye-Korean iyathakazelisa ngoba abathengi babo sebenethezekile kakade ngezinkokhelo zeselula kangangokuthi amalebula anikwe amandla e-NFC{5}azizwa engokwemvelo lapho. Kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi kuningi okwenzekayo kulezi zimakethe okungathwetshulwa lapha.
Ezinye Izimakethe
Canada
Amaketanga ambalwa amakhulu aqale ukukhishwa okukhulu kamuva nje, futhiSobeyswayengomunye wabo. Akukho okunye ongakusho ngeCanada. Kuyenzeka, kukhulu, kodwa akukho okukhangayo ngokukhethekile.
Australia
Ukutholwa kukhuphuka ngokushesha e-Australia. Kodwa akukho ukuqaliswa kokudala okuvelile okwamanje.
Abathengisi Abancane
Kukhona futhi icala elincane okufanele liphawulwe: isitolo segrosa e-Brooklyn, eNew York. Umnikazi washo okuthile okufana nokuthi, ngoLwesihlanu lokuqala ekuseni ngemva kokufaka amalebula eshalofu likagesi, wangena esitolo futhi izintengo zokuphromotha zase zisebenza kakade ngenkathi zivula-yilapho azi khona ukuthi kwakuyisinqumo esifanele. Ngezinye izikhathi umbono wesitolo esincane ungokoqobo kakhulu kunokukhishwa kwezindaba zenkampani enkulu.
eSweden
I-Sweden ingenye yezindawo okwazalelwa kuzo ubuchwepheshe-kunenkampani lapho eyaqala ngeminyaka yawo-1990s futhi ithi ingeyokuqala ukwethula amalebula eshalofu e-electronic ezitolo.
Impikiswano "Yentengo Yokukhuphuka".
Ngo-Agasti 2024, amaSenator ase-USElizabeth WarrenfuthiBob Caseywabhala incwadi exwayisa u-Kroger ukuthi amalebula eshalofu e-electronic angavumela izitolo zokudla ukuthi zisebenzise "intengo eguquguqukayo," ngezintengo ezikhuphuka ngokusekelwe esikhathini nesimo sezulu ukuze "zikhiphe inzuzo enkulu." Omunye usopolitiki waseNew York walandela ngokugxekwa, wakuqhathanisa nendlela yokubeka amanani entengo ka-Uber.
Ingabe lokhu kukhathazeka kuvumelekile?
Abacwaningi abavela ezikoleni ezimbalwa zebhizinisi-esinye kwaba yi-UC San Diego{1}}bahlaziye idatha ezitolo ezinkulu zomthengisi kuzo zonke izifundazwe. Isiphetho: amaphethini okushintsha amanani ngaphambi nangemuva kokusebenzisa amalebula eshalofu kagesi ayecishe afane ngokuphelele. "Uma amalebula edijithali ebangele intengo yokwenyuka, ungalindela ukubona ukwenyuka okucacile ezinguqukweni zentengo... kodwa asibonanga mehluko obalulekile ngaphambi nangemuva kokufakwa."
Kungani izitolo zegrosa zingezi njenge-Uber? Incazelo yabacwaningi iqondile: "Ngokungafani ne-Uber noma amahhotela, izitolo zegrosa azenzi imali ngezinto ezingazodwana{0}}zenza imali ngobhasikidi wakho wonke kanye{1}}nokwethembeka{1}}kwesikhathi eside. Izitolo zegrosa zinemingcele emincane ezintweni ngazinye, futhi ukwenyusa amanani kungalindelekile, ngisho nakwento eyodwa nje, kubeka engcupheni ukuzihlukanisa nabathengi."
Omunye umcwaningi ukubeke ngembaba: "Umbono wokuthi izitolo zinganyusa amanani emikhiqizweni ngayinye ukuze nje zithole amasenti angu-50 engeziwe kumakhasimende{1}}lokho akukholakali."
Ngakho enzani ngempela amalebula eshalofu e-electronic?Isephulelo esiseduze-nemikhiqizo yokuphelelwa yisikhathi (izilinganiso ziphakamisa ukuthi amanani aguquguqukayo ezintweni ezibolayo angehlisa imfucuza yokudla ngokuthile okungama-20%, nakuba ukuqina kwaleyo nombolo kungaqiniseki), ukuthuthukisa ilebula{2}}ukushintsha ukusebenza kahle, ukwehlisa amaphutha entengo (ukunciphisa ukungafani phakathi kwamanani eshelufu nezintengo zesikena), nokuphathwa okungcono kwe-inventory. Hhayi kabi phela.
Kungani Izitolo Eziningi Zingakatholwa?
Impendulo esobala ithiizindleko, kodwa empeleni kubi kunalokho.
Amalebula ngokwawo asebenza mhlawumbe $15-25 ngalinye-izinombolo ezihlukene ezivela emithonjeni ehlukene-okuzwakala kuhle kuze kube yilapho izibalo zenziwe esitolo esinama-SKU ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi. Kodwa lokho akuyona ngisho indaba yangempela. Yizo zonke izinto ezizungezile. Othile osebenze ohlelweni lomshayeli uthe ukuhlanganiswa kwe-POS kukodwa kuthathe izinyanga ezinde kunanoma ubani obekulindele. Amasistimu wefa, izinkinga zokufometha idatha, iphupho elibi elivamile. Bese-ke sisekhona isidingo samasango, ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, kanye nengxenye yesikhathi ukusekelwa komthengisi kusendaweni yesikhathi ehlukile.
Kodwa nawu umbuzo obalulekile: ingabe isitolo esinikeziwe siyakudinga ngempela lokhu? Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili nge-dm-German drugstore, amanani angashintshi{1}}kungani bengajahe ukufaka ubuchwepheshe obusheshisa izinguquko zentengo abangazenzi? Umqondo ofanayo uvele ochungechungeni lwegrosa lwesifunda eMidwest olunqume ukukuyeka. Insizwa yabo yamanani ngokuyisisekelo ithe bashintsha amanani kanye ngesonto, mhlawumbe kabili ngesikhathi samaholide, abayona i-Walmart. Isibalo se-ROI sisebenza kuphela uma ukubuyekezwa okuvamile kwenzeka.
Kukhona futhi ai-angle yabasebenziukuthi abantu abakhulumi kakhulu, futhi akuqondakali ngokugcwele. Kwezinye izimakethe-ezingxenyeni zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, mhlawumbe i-India, izingxenye ze-Afrika{2}}izisebenzi zishibhe ngokwanele ukuthi impikiswano ye-automation iyahlukana. Kungani kuchithwa izibalo eziyisithupha kwezobuchwepheshe ekubeni abantu bengakhokhelwa ukushintsha omaka bamaphepha? Idatha enhle yokuthi lelo phuzu lokusikisela likuphi ayikho. Mhlawumbe kuyehluka kakhulu ngezwe, ngedolobha ngisho.
Bese kuba khona lokhuukuhlukana kobuchwephesheudaba oluqhamuke ekufundweni ngabahlinzeki abahlukene. Amaphrothokholi awamisiwe. Abanye basebenzisa i-RF, abanye basebenzisa i-NFC, kusekhona infrared entantayo ndawana thize. Ngakho-ke uma umthengisi esebenza ezifundeni eziningi-kuma-hypermarkets ezweni elilodwa, izinto ezilula zigcina kwelinye{4}}zingase zigcine zinezinhlelo ezihluke ngokuphelele ezingakhulumisani. Lokho kungenzeka kube yisici kwabanye babadlali abakhulu bomhlaba, noma akekho obengakuqinisekisa kwirekhodi.
