Izilinganiso Zokuvuselela ze-ESL kanye Nokusebenza Kwesibonisi

Umgoqo Oyisisekelo

Amalebula Eshelufu E-elekthronikhi asebenza ngaphansi kwesibopho esingokomzimba okungekho inani lokumaketha elingasitha:izinhlayiya ze-electrophoretic zihamba ku-viscous fluid, futhi i-viscous fluid imelana nokunyakaza. Asikho isibuyekezo sesofthiwe esizolungisa lokhu.

Izinga lokuvuselela le-ESL-ngokuvamile300ms kuya ku-2000msukuze uthole isibuyekezo sesikrini esigcwele-sivela ngokuqondile kusukela esikhathini esidingekayo ukuze i-titanium dioxide eshajiwe kanye nezinhlayiya ze-carbon black zifuduke nge-hydrocarbon solvent ngaphansi kwenkambu kagesi esetshenziswayo. Izinhlayiya zihlangana namandla okudonsa (Ukuhudula ama-Stokes, uma ufuna ithemu lobuchwepheshe, izibalo ezingemuva kwaso zibalulekile kunomphumela ongokoqobo: izinhlayiya zehlisa ijubane oketshezini olujiyile). Zisebenzisana nge-electrostatic nezinhlayiya ezingomakhelwane. Banamathela ezindongeni ze-capsule ngemuva kokuphumula isikhathi eside.

Njalo nge-millisecond yesikhathi sokuvuselela sibonisa izehlakalo zesikali samangqamuzana-enzeke ngaphakathi kwezigidi zama-microcapsules ngesikhathi esisodwa. Labo abavela ngemuva kwe-LCD noma i-OLED kufanele bayishiye ngokuphelele leyo modeli yengqondo. Lezi akuzona izibonisi "eziskena" amaphikseli ngama-electron. Lawa amasistimu e-electrochemical ahambisa izinto ngokomzimba.

Ukushayela I-Waveforms: Lapho Ubunjiniyela Buhlangana Ne-Electrochemistry

Iukushayela i-waveformyilapho imizamo yokwenza kahle igxila kakhulu. Ingugesi-ukulandelana kwesikhathi okufanele kufeze izinjongo ezine ngesikhathi esisodwa: sula isithombe sangaphambilini, wenze kusebenze izinhlayiya ezivilaphayo, umise ireferensi grayscale, futhi ubhale isithombe esisha-ngaso sonke isikhathi unciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ama-artifact aphefumulayo, kanye nobude besikhathi bokuvuselela ngokuphelele.

Sulaiza kuqala. Isibonisi sishayela wonke amaphikseli esimweni sokubuka esifanayo, ngokuvamile esimhlophe. Kungani uzihlupha? Ngoba izinhlayiya ze-EPD zibonisa indlela{2}}yokuziphatha okuncikile. Ukushintsha kwephikseli kusuka kokumnyama kuye kokumpunga kulandela indlela ehlukile kunokushintsha okukodwa ukusuka kokumhlophe ukuya kokumpunga. Lokhu kubonakale ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa kusenesikhathi lapho amakhasimende ekhononda ngokusebenza okumpunga okungaguquki. Ukwesula kuphoqelela wonke amaphikseli endaweni efanayo yokuqala, okuqeda ukuncika ezimeni zokuqala.

Ukwenza kusebenzeilandela-izinga eliphezulu-i-voltage eshintshashintshayo yefrikhwensi (±15V ku-50-100Hz) enyakazisa izinhlayiya phakathi kwe-optical extreme. Le nqubo inyakazisa izinhlayiya ezikhululekile eziye zakhululeka. Izinhlayiya eziye zahlala zimile zenza ukwanda kokunamathela kobuso ezindongeni ze-capsule nezinhlayiya ezingomakhelwane. Ukuhlola kuveza ubude besikhathi obulungile bokwenza kusebenze ngokuhlaziya iphuzu lokuguquguquka kokukhanya-ngokuqhathanisa-nejika lesikhathi-isikhathi esiqondile lapho ukunyakaza kwezinhlayiyana kufinyelela ekuphenduleni okuphezulu. Hamba kafushane futhi izinhlayiya ezivilaphayo zisale ngemuva. Hamba isikhathi eside futhi amandla ayaphela.

Bese kufikaireferensi grayscale ukusungulwa. Isibonisi sidala isimo sereferensi esimhlophe esifanayo ngenxa yokuthi ukunemba kwe-grayscale ye-EPD kuncike kakhulu ekuqaliseni kusukela kusisekelo esaziwayo sokubonwayo. Ngokuphawulekayo, ukufaka iziro emfushane-isikhawu sevoltage ngemva kwalesi sigaba kuthuthukisa ukungaguquguquki kwe-grayscale okulandelayo. Izinhlayiya zidinga isikhashana ukuzinza ngaphambi kokuba zicelwe ukuthi zishaye izindawo eziqondile eziphakathi nendawo.

Ekugcineni,ukubhalwa kwesithombe. Ama-voltage athile{1}}e-Pixel nobude besikhathi kushayela izinhlayiya ezindaweni eziqondiwe. I-grayscale engu-16{4}}yezinga elimpunga idinga ukulawula okunembile kokusabalaliswa okuqondile kwezinhlayiyana ngaphakathi kwezinhlayiya ezincane ze-microcapsule endaweni engaphezulu zikhiqiza okumhlophe, phansi zikhiqiza okumnyama, futhi ukuma okumaphakathi kukhiqiza okumpunga.

Ukuphusha Kubheke ku-300ms

Amasistimu we-ESL angahamba ngokushesha kangakanani? Ukulungiselelwa kwe-waveform okunamandla kubonisiwe180ms ukunciphisaesikhathini sesigaba sokwenza kusebenze futhi120ms ukunciphisaesigabeni se-grayscale yereferensi. Lezi zinzuzo zivela kumasu amaningana acwengisiswe phezu kwemijikelezo eminingi yokusebenzisa.

Ukuhlaziywa kwephuzu le-inflectionivumela ukuqapha{0}}kwesikhathi sangempela sokusabela kunokusebenzisa izikhathi ezigxilile zokuvula.Ukwehliswa kokushintshwa kwe-polaritykubalulekile ngoba ukuhlehlisa i-voltage polarity kukhiqiza ama-spikes amanje futhi kumoshe amandla-ukulandelana kwemisebenzi ukuze kuncishiswe lezi zinguquko kuyengeza. Futhiukufakwa kwesu kwezikhawu ze-0Visebenzisa umfutho wezinhlayiyana, okuvumela ukufuduka okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kwezindleko zamandla.

Ubuncane bethiyori bezinto zamanje-zesizukulwane se-EPD bubonakala bucishe bube200msngekhwalithi yesithombe eyamukelekayo. Amanye amaphaneli aphushelwe ku-180ms ezimeni ezilawulwayo, kodwa ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi kuyaphawuleka. Ukwephula lo mgoqo kuzodinga ukusungulwa kwezinto ezintsha, hhayi ubuhlakani be-waveform.

Izindlela Zokuvuselela: Isivinini-Ikhwalithi-I-Ghosting Trilemma

Konke ukuvuselelwa kwe-ESL kuhlanganisa-izindlela ezintathu ezingabalekelwanga. Abukho ubunjiniyela obungayibalekela; umuntu angakhetha kuphela ukuthi yikuphi ukuvumelana azokwamukela. Umuzwa wokusetshenziswa kuzo zonke izindawo zegrosa, izinto zikagesi, nezitolo zekhemisi ukhiqize iziphetho eziqinile mayelana nokuthi isetshenziswa nini imodi ngayinye.

I-Global Refresh (Imodi ye-GC16)

Lokhu ukusetha kabusha okugcwele-750-2000msyokubaneka okumnyama-okumhlophe{1}}okumnyama okuphoqa zonke izinhlayiyana emijikelezweni yokufuduka ephelele. Kubukeka kumangalisa, ngezinye izikhathi amakhasimende abuza ukuthi amalebula awasebenzi kahle yini, kodwa iyona kuphela imodi eqeda ngokuphelele amaphutha ezikhundla anqwabelene.

Ukuvuselela umhlaba wonke kuyadingeka ngemva kokulandelana okunwetshiwe kokuvuselela ngokwengxenye, lapho kuboniswa{0}}izithombe ezithembeke kakhulu, noma lapho isipoki sesingamukeleki ngokubonakalayo. Olunye uchungechunge lwegrosa luqale lwamelana "nokukhanya okubi" futhi lwazama ukusebenzisa izibuyekezo ezingaphelele. Emasontweni amathathu kamuva, amalebula abo okukhangisa acishe angafundeki. Manje sebesebenzisa ukuvuselela komhlaba wonke njalo ebusuku ngamahora avaliwe.

Ukuvuselela Ingxenye

Ukuvuselela kancane kubuyekeza kuphela amaphikseli ahluka phakathi kozimele, aqedelela ngo250-500ms. Ukonga isikhathi kukhulu-kuboniswa kwezilinganisoUkuncishiswa kwamandla ngo-70%.kuzibuyekezo zentengo ezijwayelekile-kodwa kukhona ukuhwebelana.

Amaphikseli angashintshiwe awatholi amandla okushayela. Izinhlayiya zabo kancane kancane zifinyelela ekucushweni okuzinzile. Ukuzinza kuzwakala kukuhle kuze kube yilapho umuntu ebona ukuthi uzinzile kusho ukuthi akanyakazi. Ngemuva kwemijikelezo yokuvuselela ingxenye engu-5-10, ama-artifact ayisipoki ayabonakala. Lo mkhawulo uyahlukahluka ngomkhiqizi; amanye amaphaneli abekezelela imijikelezo eyi-15, amanye akhombisa izinkinga ngemuva kwe-6. Indlela ethembekile kuphela i-interspersion eqondiswayo yokuvuselela umhlaba wonke.

Ukuvuselela Okusheshayo (Imodi ye-DU)

Imodi yokuvuselela okuqondileidela ikhono le-grayscale ngokuphelele. Iphikseli ngalinye linambambili{1}}limnyama noma limhlophe, akukho lutho phakathi. Lokhu kunika amandla120-250msizibuyekezo nge-flash eyodwa, kodwa amaphethelo ombhalo abukeka ephikisiwe futhi izithombe azikho embuzweni.

Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza-ze-ESL kuphela ezibonisa izinhlamvu zezinombolo, imodi ye-DU ivamise ukumela indawo emnandi. Ukuhlola okuhlangene--kuseceleni kwesitolo se-electronics sabathengi kuveze ukuthi amakhasimende awakwazanga ukuhlukanisa izintengo ezinikeziwe ze-DU-kumanani anikezwe i-GC16 ebangeni elivamile lokubuka. Ukonga amandla bekubalulekile.

Imodi ye-A2 yokugqwayiza

Ngo80-120ms, Imodi ye-A2 isondela kumavidiyo{1}}amazinga okuvuselela anamandla. Isetshenziswe kumademo womkhiqizo nezinhlelo zokusebenza zekhiyoski ezisebenzisanayo.

Kodwa ukuhwebelana kuqinile. I-Ghosting iqoqana ngokushesha. Ukugqama kuyehla. Imininingwane emihle iyanyamalala ngemva kwemijikelezo embalwa. Iklayenti elilodwa belifuna okuqukethwe kokuphromotha okugqwayizayo kumalebula eshalofu-okungenzeka ngobuchwepheshe nge-A2, kodwa ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi yesithombe ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-30 kukwenze kungasebenzi. Le modi ikhona okokufaka ipeni kanye nemiboniso emifushane, hhayi ukuthunyelwa kwe-ESL yokukhiqiza.

Ukukhetha Imodi Elungile

Ungakhetha kanjani? Ngokweqiniso, uhlobo lokuqukethwe luvamise ukukunqumela. Izithombe zezithombe zifuna i-GC16; izinombolo zentengo zingasebenzisa i-DU. Imvamisa yokubuyekeza ishintsha ibhalansi-izibuyekezo ezingavamile zivuna ikhwalithi, ukubuyekezwa okuvamile kuvumela isivinini. Futhi ngaphandle kwemodi eyinhloko, ukuvuselelwa komhlaba wonke kufanele kwenzeke ngezikhathi ezithile. Akukho ukubalekela inkinga yokuqongelela izipoki.

Bonisa Amapharamitha Okusebenza

Isilinganiso Sokuqhathanisa

Izilinganiso zokungafani ze-EPD ngokuvamile zisukela8:1 kuya ku-15:1, namaphaneli e-premium afinyelelayo20:1. Ukuqhathanisa nokucaciswa kwe-LCD (1000:1+) kuyadukisa.

Ukugqama kwe-EPD kukalwa ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-ambient-izimo zangempela lapho amakhasimende efunda amalebula eshalofu. Ukugqama kwe-LCD kugoqa ngaphansi kokukhanya okuphezulu kwe-ambient; Ukugqama kwe-EPD kuyathuthuka. Izilinganiso zokufundeka kwe-ESL ezindaweni zesitolo 800+ ezinokukhanya okuphezulu kwe-lux zibonisa izikrini ze-LCD eziseduze ezihlanzeke ngokuphelele.

Izikena zebhakhodi zidinga ndawana thize6:1 umehlukoukufunda ngokwethembeka{0}sikuhlole lokhu kuwo wonke amamodeli eskena amaningi. Yonke i-ESL yezohwebo esiyikale isula le bha kalula, okusho ukuthi izikena ze-laser zingakwazi ukufunda amabhakhodi ngokuqondile ngaphandle kwesibonisi se-electronic ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Ukulungiswa kanye Nokuminyana kwePixel

Ukuminyana kwephikseli ye-ESL (100-150 DPI) ibonisa ukukhetha kobunjiniyela ngamabomu, hhayi umkhawulo wobuchwepheshe. Ukulungiswa okuphakeme kudinga amaphikseli engeziwe, ngalinye lidinga ukushayela ngakunye{1}}ukwengezwa kwesikhathi sokuvuselela, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, nezindleko zengxenye.

Amanye amakhasimende acele 200+ izibonisi ze-DPI. Lapho ebuzwa mayelana nebanga lokubuka, impendulo yayihlala ingaphezu kuka-50cm. Kulelo banga, i-100 DPI inikeza ukufaneleka kombhalo okwanele. Ngaphezu{6}}kokucacisa ukulungiswa kumosha izinsiza ngaphandle kwenzuzo ebonakalayo.

Amandla Ombala

Okujwayelekile okumnyama-kanye{1}}ne-ESL emhlopheihlala iyihhashi lokusebenzela: ukuvuselela okusheshayo (300ms), amandla aphansi, ukwethembeka okuphezulu. Iphatha u-90% wezinhlelo zokusebenza zokubonisa amanani ngempumelelo.

Amasistimu-emibala emineusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-E Ink Spectra 3100 yenza isibonisi esimnyama/emhlophe/ebomvu/ephuzi ngasikhathi sinye. Iwusizo kumibala{2}}yendlela yokugcizelela ethile, kodwa izikhathi zokuvuselela zinwebeka nakakhulu.

Amaphaneli{0}ombala agcwelekusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe begalari ye-ACEP kungakhiqiza izithombe zezithombe. Isistimu yezinhlayiyana ezimhlophe ezi-cyan-ze-magenta{2}}ephuzi{3}ibukeka kahle{4}}izithombe zomkhiqizo eziboniswa kulawa maphaneli ngokuvamile kucatshangwa ukuthi ziphrintiwe. Kodwa1500ms+ izikhathi zokuvuselelafuthi izindleko eziphakeme kakhulu zikhawulela isicelo ezimweni zokusetshenziswa kwe-premium lapho umthelela obonakalayo uthethelela izindleko.

Uma kuziwa endabeni yombala, umbuzo uhlala uwukuthi ingabe inani lolwazi olwengeziwe lithethelela ukushaya ukuze kuvuselelwe isikhathi, amandla, nezindleko zeyunithi. Izikhathi eziyisishiyagalolunye kweziyishumi, i-monochrome yenza umsebenzi.

I-Ghosting: I-Artifact Eqhubekayo

I-Ghosting ayilona iphutha okufanele liqedwe. Kuwuphawu lwangaphakathi lobuchwepheshe be-electrophoretic obudinga ukuphathwa.Noma ubani othembisa isipoki-ukusebenza kwamahhala kwe-EPD kungahle kuhlanekezele ubuchwepheshe noma amaphaneli athengisa avuselelwa kancane ngokwanele ukufihla inkinga.

Lapho I-Ghosting ivela khona

Izindlela ezintathu ezisebenzayo.Ukuhamba kwezinhlayiyana okungaphelele-izinhlayiya ezihlulekayo ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezihlosiwe ngenxa yesikhathi esinganele sokushayela noma i-voltage.Ukusatshalaliswa kwenkokhelo eyinsalela-ukunqwabelana kweshaji engalingani ezindongeni ze-capsule okuthinta ukunyakaza kwezinhlayiyana okulandelayo. Futhii-particle adhesion hysteresis-izinhlayiya ezihlale zimile zikhulisa ukunamathela kwendawo.

Isikhathi eside esichithwe kukhombisa ukuziphatha okuyisipoki kubakhiqizi abahlukene bamaphaneli. Izinguquko zibalulekile; amanye amaphaneli aba nesipoki ngokusobala ngemva kokubuyekezwa okungaphelele okungu-5 kuyilapho amanye ebekezelela 12-15.

Izici Zemvelo Zikwenza Kube Kubi

Izinga lokushisazibaluleke kakhulu. I-solvent viscosity iyanda emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ivimbela ukunyakaza kwezinhlayiyana futhi ibhebhethekise isipoki. Ngaphansi kuka-10℃, izikhathi zokuvuselela zidinga ukunwetshwa noma ama-artifact abonakalayo kufanele amukelwe. Ngaphansi kuka-0℃, amaphaneli ajwayelekile aba nenkinga-izibonisi ezingafundeki ngokuphelele ziye zabonwa ezimweni eziqandisiwe kusetshenziswa amaphaneli angalinganiselwe ukusebenza okubandayo.

I-voltage yebhethrikuthinta isipoki futhi. Amabhethri aphelile aletha i-voltage yokushayela encishisiwe, okubangela ukufuduka kwezinhlayiyana ezingaphelele. Iklayenti elilodwa lekhemisi lihlangabezane nezinkinga ezingaqondakali zokuthi amabhethri ahlulekayo eqoqweni lamalebula. Amasistimu e-ESL kufanele asebenzise-ukuthola ibhethri eliphansi ngezexwayiso zokulungisa kusengaphambili.

Vuselela umlandoihlanganisa yonke into. I-pixel ebonisa ngokuphindaphindiwe okuqukethwe okufanayo ithuthukisa ukucushwa kwezinhlayiyana okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo. Okuqukethwe okumile kuba yizipoki ngokushesha kunokuqukethwe okuguquguqukayo{2}okuphikisayo kuze kuqondwe indlela yokunamathela.

Ukuphatha Ghosting in Practice

Ukuvuselela umhlaba wonke ngezikhathi ezithilekusewukuncishiswa okuyinhloko. Isincomo esijwayelekile siyisibopho sokuvuselela isikrini esigcwele-kuzo zonke izibuyekezo ezingaphelele ezingu-5-10, nakuba isikhathi esikahle sihluka ngephaneli nezimo zokusebenza.

Amathebula okubheka{0}anxeshezelwe ngezinga lokushisausizo ezindaweni eziguquguqukayo. Amapharamitha okushayela agcinwe kuma-LUT akhonjwe izinga lokushisa anweba ngokuzenzakalelayo ubude be-waveform emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Izilinganiso ziyabonisa40% ukuncishiswa kwezipokiusebenzisa-isinxephezelo sezinga lokushisa esishuthwe kahle ngokumelene namapharamitha angashintshi.

Isinxephezelo sohlaka lomlandoiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu-ilungisa amaza okushayela amanje ngokusekelwe ku-pixel{1}}umlando wokuvuselela izinga ukuze kunxeshezelwe ukuchema okunqwabelene kwendawo. Akubona bonke abalawuli be-ESL abasekela lokhu, kodwa kwenza umehluko olinganisekayo kumaphaneli asesebenze izinyanga.

Idizayini yokuqukethwekunendaba futhi. Ingemuva elimhlophe elinombhalo omnyama likhiqiza isipoki esingabonakali kakhulu kunezinhlelo zemibala ephambene. Izifanekiso ze-ESL kufanele zakhelwe kucatshangelwe izici eziyisipoki{2}}zigweme izindawo ezinkulu ezimnyama eziqinile ezizoba nesipoki ngokusobala, zikhethe ingemuva elimhlophe.

Uhlelo-Ukusebenza Kokuvuselela Kweleveli

Isikhathi sokuvuselela se-ESL somuntu siqu siyingxenye eyodwa kuphela yokubambezeleka kokubuyekezwa kwesistimu. Ngokusetshenziswa okunezinkulungwane zamalebula, ukwakheka kwenethiwekhi kulawula isikhathi esiphelele sokubuyekeza. Amanye amaklayenti abheka ngaphezu kwe-50ms yentuthuko yokuvuselela amaphaneli kuyilapho eshaya indiva amabhodlela enethiwekhi angeza amasekhondi angu-30 emijikelezweni yawo yokubuyekeza.

Amaphrothokholi Okuxhumana

Amasistimu e-RF angaphansi kwe-1GHznikeza indawo yokukhava ephezulu kanye nokungena kwesakhiwo. Isango-lokulebula{2}}ububanzi bokuxhumana lidlula amamitha angu-25, okubalulekile-ezindaweni ezinkulu zokudayisa. Imikhawulo yomkhawulokudonsa icindezela umthamo wokubuyekeza ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa kumaphethini wokubuyekeza okuthengisayo akuvamile lokhu kube ibhodlela.

I-Bluetooth Low Energy ene-PAwR(Ukukhangisa Kwezikhathi Ezithile Ngezimpendulo, kwengezwe ku-BLE 5.4) kunika amandla ukuxhumana okuqondile okuqondiswa kabili okunezibalo ezinkulu zedivayisi. Indawo eyodwa yokufinyelela ingakhuluma ngokwethiyori32,640 amalebula-Amaqembu angu-128 aphinda amalebula angu-255 iqembu ngalinye. Isikhathi sokukhangisa sezikhathi ezithile sinquma ukubambezeleka kwesistimu; izikhawu ezimfushane zinikeza impendulo esheshayo ngezindleko zamandla aphezulu. Amasistimu e-BLE asetshenziswe ngezikhawu zesekhondi elingu-1 lezinhlelo zokusebenza ezizwelayo nesikhathi kanye nezikhawu zemizuzwana eyi-10 ukuze kubuyekezwe amanani ajwayelekile.

I-topology yenethiwekhiilandela iphethini yenkanyezi enamasango amaphakathi. Isango ngalinye lihlanganisa indawo echaziwe; ukumbozwa okwedlulele kuqinisekisa ukunganaki. Ukuthunyelwa kwezitolo ezinkulu kudinga ukuhlelwa ngokucophelela kwesiteshi se-RF{2}}ukusetshenziswa okukodwa lapho amasango amabili eziteshi eziseduze edale amaphethini okuphazamisa abangele ukulahleka kwamaphakethe angu-15%.

I-Real-World Throughput

Ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza,3,000 izibuyekezo zelebula emizuzwini emi-5ngesango elilodwa itholakala njalo. Qeda-ukuze-uqede ukubambezeleka okuvela kumyalo weseva ukuze ubonise ukugijima kokuqedwa3-10 imizuzwanakuye ngomthwalo wenethiwekhi bese uzama futhi izidingo.

Ukuqonda okubalulekile okuvela kokuhlangenwe nakho kokuphakelwa: kuzimo ezijwayelekile zokubuyekeza okudayiswayo lapho izinguquko zentengo zisabalala ezinkulungwaneni zamalebula,{0}}leveli yokusebenza yenethiwekhi ikhawulela isamba sesikhathi sokubuyekeza kunesivinini sokuvuselela ilebula ngayinye. Ukuthuthukisa izilinganiso zokuvuselela ngazinye ngaphansi kuka-500ms kunikeza imbuyiselo enciphayo lapho ukusakazwa kwenethiwekhi kudinga imizuzwana.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nempilo yebhethri

Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-EPD kwenzeka cishe phakathi nemicimbi yokuvuselela. I-Standby current ayinakwa-ama-microamperes akaliwe. Le phrofayela inika amandlaiminyaka eminingi-impilo yebhethrikusuka kumangqamuzana ohlamvu lwemali, okuhlala kungenye yezimpikiswano eziqine kakhulu ze-EPD{{0}esekelwe ku-ESL.

Yini Edla Amandla

Isibalo samaphikseliinobudlelwano bomugqa-izibonisi ezinkulu zisebenzisa ngokulinganayo ngaphezulu.Ukujula kwesikali esimpungakubalulekile ngoba i-GC16 yeleveli engu-16 idinga amagagasi ayinkimbinkimbi kunemodi ye-DU kanambambili.Ukukhethwa kwemodi yokuvuselelakunomthelela omkhulu; ukuvuselela komhlaba wonke kudla u-2-3× amandla okuvuselela ingxenye. Futhiizinga lokushisakuthinta ukudonsa kwamandla ngoba izindawo ezibandayo zidinga amagagasi amade.

Ukuphila Kwebhethri Kusebenza

NgobaCR2450 lithium uhlamvu amaselicishe ngomthamo we-600mAh, ukusebenza okubonwayo kungokulandelayo:

Lezi zibikezelo zithatha ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa legumbi. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zesitoreji esibandayo-izigaba eziqandisiwe neziqandisiwe-zizwa ukuphelelwa amandla kwebhethri okusheshisa kusukela kukho kokubili amandla okuvuselela akhulisiwe kanye nomthamo webhethri oncishisiwe emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ilebula elilinganiselwe iminyaka engu-5 ekamelweni lokushisa lingase lihlale iminyaka engu-2 endaweni yesiqandisi.

Konke ukuvuselela kudla umthamo webhethri olinganiselwe. Iklayenti elilodwa lalifuna amaphromoshini entengo opopayi asebenza ngokuqhubekayo{1}}amabhethri athatha amaviki amathathu. Abaklami besistimu kufanele bachaze izimfuneko zokubuyekeza imvamisa ngaphambi kokukhetha izingxenyekazi zekhompyutha. Ilebula edinga ukubuyekezwa kwanjalo ngehora idinga ukwakheka kwebhethri okuhlukile kunelilodwa elibuyekezwa nsuku zonke.

Izinga Lokushisa Ezithinta Ukusebenza

Izinga lokushisa lithonya ukusebenza kwe-ESL ngokusebenzisa izindlela eziningi, okuyenza ibeokuguquguqukayo okukodwa okubaluleke kakhulu kwezemvelo. Lokhu kuboniswe ngokuphindaphindiwe kukho konke ukuthunyelwa endaweni{1}}elawulwa yisimo sezulu-ezindaweni zokuthengisa ezilawulwayo, amakesi aqandisiwe, izigaba zokudla eziqandisiwe, nezinhlelo zokusebenza zangaphandle.

I-Solvent Viscosity

Lokhu kungena kumakhemikhali athile, kodwa inguqulo emfushane: I-solvent ye-EPD iba mkhulu lapho kubanda. Ubudlelwano cishe bulandela iIjika le-Arrhenius-ngaphandle kokujula kakhulu ku-thermodynamics, okubalulekile ukuthi umthelela unamandla, awukona umugqa.

Ngo25 degree(isimo sereferensi), izinhlayiya zibonisa ukuhamba okuzisholo. Ngo0 degree, i-viscosity icishe iphindwe kabili, isivinini sezinhlayiyana esihhafu. Ngo-20 degrees, i-viscosity ikhuphuka cishe ngo-4×, idinga ubude be-waveform enwetshiwe ngokulinganayo. Izibalo zibikezela kahle lokhu, nakuba{2}}imiphumela yomhlaba yangempela ngezinye izikhathi iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ukwakhiwa kwencibiliki ethile esetshenziswa umenzi ngamunye.

Ukuhlolwa kwezimangalo "zezinga lokushisa elibanzi" lomkhiqizi oyedwa ngokusebenzisa amaphaneli awo ku- -15℃kwembulwe izikhathi zokuvuselela ezinwetshwe ukusuka ku-400ms kuya ku-1100ms. Amaphaneli asebenzile, kodwa ukucaciswa kwakubonise ukusebenza okungcono kakhulu okubandayo.

Izigaba Zebanga Lokusebenza

Amaphaneli ajwayelekilemboza idigri engu-0 kuye ku-40 ngokusebenza kwesisekelo.Amaphaneli obubanzi anwetshiwephatha -10℃kuya ku-50℃ngesinxephezelo se-waveform emaphakathi.Amaphaneli okushisa abanzi-iyadingeka kumakesi efriji{1}}isebenza kusukela -ku-25℃kuya ku-60℃kusetshenziswa izinto eziyisipesheli zendiza yangaphambili yelaminate, inzwa yokushisa ehlanganisiwe, nokukhetha kwe-adaptive waveform. Iqinisoamaphaneli ebanga lesiqandisi{0}elungiselelwe -30℃kuya ku-10℃ikhona kodwa iyala amanani entengo.

Isinxephezelo Sezinga Lokushisa

I-ESL ebanzi-yezinga lokushisa ihlanganisa{1}}kuzinzwa zethempelesha ze-chip, amasethi amaningi wepharamitha ye-waveform agcinwe kumemori, kanye nokukhetha kwepharamitha okuzenzakalelayo okusekelwe kuzinga lokushisa elilinganisiwe. Ubude be-waveform obunwetshiwe bokusebenza okubandayo kanye nokushintshashintsha kwamandla kagesi okuncishisiwe{3}}kukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.

Isijeziso sokusebenza somsebenzi-sezinga lokushisa elibanzi asiyona into-encane. Izilinganiso zibonisa izikhathi zokuvuselela lapho izinga lokushisa ligijima ngokwedlulelekabili kuya kathathuukusebenza{0}}kwezinga lokushisa. Amaklayenti athumela ezindaweni eziqandisiwe adinga ukufaka lokhu ezibalweni zawo zesikhathi sokubuyekeza.

Lapho Izidingo ze-ESL Zihlukana khona ISIQEPHU ESISHA

Ukucaciswa okujwayelekile kwe-"retail ESL" kuhlanganisa cishe u-60%{1}}wokusetshenziswa kwangempela komhlaba. Ama-40% asele afaka izidingo ezikhethekile ezivela kuphela lapho kuhlolwa izimakethe ezithile eziqondile. Okusebenza esitolo sezinto zikagesi ezithengwayo kwehluleka ngendlela emangalisayo endaweni yokugcina ukudla eqandisiwe. Izigaba ezilandelayo zokuhlangenwe nakho kokuthunyelwa kwamadokhumenti kuzo zonke izimboni lapho ukuqagela okujwayelekile kwe-ESL kwephuka khona.

Ukudla Okusha Negrosa: Amanani Anamandla Ahlangana Nohlu Lwempahla Ebolayo

Ukuthengisa ukudla okusha kumelela uhlelo lwe-ESL oludinga kakhulu ngesizathu esilula: inani lomkhiqizo liyancipha ngokuqhubekayo ngenkathi liboniswa. Inyama yenyama ebiza u-$15/lb ngoMsombuluko ekuseni ingase ibe u-$7/lb ngoLwesithathu kusihlwa uma ingathengiswanga. Amalebula ephepha endabuko awakwazi ukuthatha leli jika levelu. I-ESL-ingakwazi{5}kodwa izimfuneko zokusetshenziswa zihluke kakhulu enanini elivamile legrosa.

Izintengo zokumaka eziguqukayoidinga amaza okubuyekeza azokhipha amabhethri ajwayelekile e-ESL phakathi nezinyanga. Umnyango wokudla omusha osebenzisa izibuyekezo zentengo ezine nsuku zonke{{1}isitoko sasekuseni, ukulungiswa kwasemini, ukunqamuka kwakusihlwa, ukusetha kabusha ubusuku bonke{2}}kusebenzisa ibhethri ngo-4× izinga lelebula yesikhungo{4}}yesitolo ebuyekezwa kanye ngeviki. Ukukhethwa kwekhemikhali yebhethri kuyashintsha ukusuka kumaseli ohlamvu lwemali ajwayelekile angu-CR2450 kuye phezulu{7}}kumthamo wamaseli e-lithium thionyl chloride noma izinketho ezishajwa kabusha ngeziteshi zokushaja ezingenisayo ezakhelwe kumashalofu alungiswayo.

Isibonisi sosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathiyengeza izidingo zokuminyana kolwazi. Ithegi yentengo elula idinga mhlawumbe izinhlamvu ezingu-50. Intengo entsha yokubonisa ilebula yokudla, inani leyunithi, idethi yokupakisha, ukuthengisa-ngedethi, nokusetshenziswa{4}}ngedethi kudinga izinhlamvu ezingu-150+ ngosayizi wefonti ofundekayo. Izindlu ezithengiswayo eziboniswayo zikhuphuka ngendlela efanele-2.9" kanye namalebula angu-4.2" aba indinganiso lapho u-2.13" anele esitolo esimaphakathi.

Umnyango wegrosa yegrosa entsha ukhiphe 4.2" emithathu-yemibala ye-ESL ene-NFC ehlanganisiwe yokusebenzelana kwe-smartphone yekhasimende. Umbala obomvu wephimbo ugqamisa izinto ezisondelayo ukuthengiswa{3}}ngamadethi anentengo yokumaka eqhubekayo: isaphulelo esingu-15% emahoreni angu-48 asele, u-30% emahoreni angu-24 adingekayo % 24. real-uxhumano lwesistimu yokuphathwa kwempahla yesikhathi{12}}ingqalasizinda ye-ESL yaba yingxenye yohlelo lokunciphisa uhlu lwempahla kunokuba nje ithuluzi lokunciphisa amanani ngo-23% emnyangweni wokuhlola okhokhelwe kukho konke ukusetshenziswa ezinyangeni eziyisikhombisa.

Izindawo ezibandayoukwethula izinkinga zezinga lokushisa okuxoxwe ngakho ngaphambili. Ama-cooler obisi asebenza ngo-4℃abangela ukwehla okubonakalayo kokuvuselela. Amacala enyama ku-2℃mabi kakhulu. Izimo zokudla eziqandisiwe -ezingu-18℃zidinga amaphaneli akhethekile wezinga lokushisa elibanzi abiza ngo-40-60% ngaphezu kwamayunithi ajwayelekile. Umthengisi wokudla okuqandisiwe waqala wafaka amaphaneli ajwayelekile engxenyeni yawo ka-ayisikhilimu; amalebula awafundeki phakathi nesonto njengoba imimoya inqwabelana kusukela ekuvuseleleni okunganele ezingeni lokushisa lokusebenza.

Izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwamakesi esiqandisini lidala ubunkimbinkimbi obengeziwe. Amasistimu amakhethini omoya akhiqiza ukuhluka kwezinga lokushisa okungu-8-ku-12℃phakathi konqenqema lwangaphambili (ukufudumala, eduze nokuxuba komoya okuzungezile) nangemuva (okubandayo, eduze kwe-evaporator). Amalebula angaphambili kwekesi lobisi angase asebenze ngo-8℃kuyilapho amalebula angemuva esebenza ngo-2℃-ahluke ngokwanele ukuze adinge isikhathi se-waveform ehlukile. Ukuthunyelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kusebenzisa inzwa yokushisa ngelebula ngayinye ngamapharamitha wokuvuselela ngamunye.

Ukulandela umkhondo we-inventoryukuhlanganiswa kumelela ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okulandelayo. Uma amasistimu e-ESL exhumeka ngendlela ekabili nokuphathwa kokusungula, ilebula iba inzwa kanye nesibonisi. -Ukutholwa kwesitoko-ukukhomba lapho indawo yeshalofu ingenalutho ngokusekelwe ekuntulekeni komsebenzi wokuthengisa{4}}kunika amandla izexwayiso zokugcwalisa kabusha okuzenzakalelayo. Umnyango owodwa wokukhiqiza wehlise-ezehlakalweni-zesitoko ngo-34% usebenzisa i-ESL-ukuqapha kwe-inventory okuhlanganisiwe okumake izikhundla ezingenamsebenzi wokuthengisa isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angu-4 ngezikhathi eziphakeme kakhulu.

I-Warehouse kanye ne-Industrial Logistics: Isikali Sishintsha Konke

Ukuthunyelwa kwe-ESL yendawo yokugcina impahla yezimboni kusebenza ngaphansi kwezingqinamba abaklami besistimu yokudayisa abangavamile ukubhekana nazo. Isitolo segrosa singase sibe nama-SKU angu-15,000 phakathi kwamamitha-skwele angu-40,000. Isikhungo sokusabalalisa esinikeza lolo chungechunge lwegrosa sinama-SKU angu-50,{7}} kuwo wonke amafidi-skwele angu-500,000 anokuphakama kwesilingi okungamafidi angu-40. Amamodeli okusabalalisa e-RF asebenza endaweni yokuthengisa engu-12-yokudayisa amafidi angama-foot-ceiling ahluleka ngokuphelele endaweni yokugcina impahla enensimbi enwebekayo ifike ku-35 feet.

Ukuhlonza indawo yomgqomoidinga okubalulekile okuhlukile kokubonisa kunamathegi amanani okuthengisa. Ulwazi oluphambili aluyona intengo{1}}ikhodi yendawo, i-SKU, kanye nenani. Izifanekiso ze-Warehouse ESL ngokuvamile zibonisa izihlonzi zendawo ezingama-48-emaphoyinti noma amafonti amakhulu afundeka ukusuka kumamitha angu-3+, okuvumela opharetha be-forklift kanye ne-pick{7}}izisebenzi zokupakisha ukuhlonza izindawo ngaphandle kokusondela emgqonyeni. Izimfuneko zesilinganiso sokuqhathanisa ziyaqina ngoba ukubuka kwenzeka ngaphansi kokukhanya kwezimboni okuguquguqukayo-ezinye izindawo ezingaphansi kokulungiswa kwe-high-bay e-1500+ lux, ezinye ku-shadow ku-200 lux.

Khetha-ukuze{1}}ukukhanya ukuhlanganiswainweba i-ESL idlule isibonisi sokwenziwa ibe yisiqondiso sokuhamba komsebenzi esisebenzayo. Izinkomba ze-LED ezihlanganiswe ne-e{1}}nezibonisi zephepha ezibonisa ukukhanya ukuze ziqondise abasebenzi ukuthi bakhethe izindawo. I-EPD ikhombisa ukuthi yini okufanele uyikhethe; I-LED ibonisa ukuthi ungakhetha kuphi. Amasistimu ahlanganisiwe anciphisa izilinganiso zamaphutha wokukhetha ukusuka kububanzi obujwayelekile obungu-0.5-1% behle bufike ku-0.1% noma obungcono. Ukushintsha kwesabelomali samandla{8}}Isikhombi se-LED ngesikhathi sokukhetha sisebenzisa amandla amaningi kunomjikelezo we-e{10}wokuvuselela iphepha. Izakhiwo zebhethri zizivumelanisa ngokufanele, ngokuvamile zithuthela kumaseli e-lithium e-AA noma amandla anentambo ezindawo ezinomsebenzi ophezulu.

{0}Izindawo zama-bay rack eziphakemecindezela izinhlelo zokuxhumana ze-RF. I-Metal racking idala ukuphazamiseka kwezindlela eziningi. Ama-aisles amade akhiqiza izindawo zethunzi. Isango elilodwa elimboza amamitha angu-25 ekuthengiseni lingase limboze kuphela amamitha angu-8-10 endaweni eminyene ye-warehouse. Ukuminyana kwesango kukhuphuka ngo-3-4× uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthunyelwa kokuthengisa ukuze kuhlanganiswe okufanayo. Okunye ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kusebenzisa amanethiwekhi e-hybrid-sub-1GHz ukuze kungene ezindaweni eziminyene, i-WiFi yezindawo ezivulekile zesiteji, ne-middleware ehlanganisa ungqimba lokuxhumana.

Izibonisi zeselula ezifakwe kwi-Forklift{0}}melela okuhlukile kwe-ESL ye-warehouse evelayo. Kunokuba kube namalebula eshalofu angashintshi, imibukiso igibeleka kumasti we-forklift futhi ithole{1}}iziyalezo zokukhetha isikhathi sangempela njengoba opharetha bezulazula endaweni yokugcina impahla. Lawa madivayisi abuyekeza ngokuqhubekayo-indawo, ubuningi, indawo elandelayo{4}}edinga izakhiwo zamandla ezihluke ngokuphelele kumalebula eshalofu amile. Amandla aqinile avela ohlelweni lukagesi lwe-forklift ajwayelekile; ukusebenza kwebhethri akusebenzi ezinsizeni eziqhubekayo-zokubuyekeza.

Inventory count automationithuthukisa ukuxhumana kwe-ESL okubili. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-RFID kunika amandla ukubala komjikelezo okuzenzakalelayo-imikhiqizo emakwe ngephasi ye-RFID eduze namayunithi e-ESL afakwe izifundi ze-RFID, kanye nezibalo ze-inventory zibuyekezwa ngaphandle kokuskena mathupha. Ukuthunyelwa kwesikhungo sokusabalalisa kwehlise inani lempahla ebonakalayo ngo-60% kusetshenziswa i-ESL{4}}izibalo zomjikelezo we-RFID ohlanganisiwe ogcine ukunemba okungapheli kohlu lwamagama ngaphezu kwama-99%.

Izilinganiso zemvelo ezinzimaudaba ezimweni zezimboni. I-IP54 ukumelana nothuli nokuchaphaza kuyisisekelo se-warehouse ESL; I-IP65 idingeka ezindaweni ezinezinqubo zokuhlanza iwashdown. Ukumelana namakhemikhali kubalulekile ezindaweni eziphethe izincibilikisi noma ama-agent okuhlanza. Isitolo esisodwa sezingxenye zezimoto sasidinga amalebula amelana noketshezi lwamabhuleki kanye nokuchayeka koketshezi oludluliswayo{5}}izindlu ezijwayelekile ze-ESL ezehlisiwe phakathi nezinyanga. Izindawo ezivalekile ezikhethekile ezinezindlu-ezikwazi ukumelana ne-polycarbonate zamakhemikhali zengeze u-35% ezindlekweni zamayunithi kodwa zabonakala zibalulekile ukuze kusetshenziswe isikhathi eside.

Ukunakekelwa Kwezempilo Nekhemisi: Ukunemba Akuxoxiswana-

Ukuthunyelwa kwekhemisi ESL kubhekene nezidingo zokulawula ezingekho ekudayiseni okujwayelekile. Iphutha lentengo esitolo segrosa lisho izikhalazo zekhasimende kanye nokuchayeka okusemthethweni okungaba khona ngaphansi kwemithetho yokunemba kwentengo. Iphutha lokulebula imithi ekhemisi lingasho ukulimala noma ukufa kwesiguli. Iphrofayili yengcuphe ishintsha ngokuyisisekelo okubalulekile kwedizayini yesistimu.

Isibonisi sokuhlonza izidakamizwaidinga ukuminyana kolwazi ngale kwe-ESL evamile yokudayisa. Ilebula leshalofu lekhemisi kufanele libonise: igama lomuthi (umkhiqizo nowejwayelekile), amandla, ifomu lomthamo, inombolo ye-NDC, intengo, inani leyunithi, umkhiqizi, kanye nezidingo zokulondoloza ngokuvamile. Ukufaka lokhu kulebula engu-2.13" kudinga ukuthayipha okucophelelayo{3}}noma ngokuvamile kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa okungu-2.9" noma izibonisi ezinkulu. Amanye amakhemisi asebenzisa amalebula angu-4.2" anamakhodi e-QR axhumanisa ukuqedela imininingwane yokunquma.

Ukuqinisekiswa kokunemba kwebhakhodiiba bucayi. Izisebenzi zasekhemisi ziskena imithi izikhathi eziningi phakathi nokugeleza komsebenzi-zokwamukela, ukubeka amashalofu, ukudonsa, ukuqinisekiswa, nokukhipha. Ibhakhodi ebonisiwe ye-ESL-kumele iskene kahle kuzo zonke izinyathelo. Lokhu kuqinisa izimfuneko zesilinganiso sokungafani ngaphezu kwenani elincane lokuthengisa. Ukuhlola kuwo wonke amathuluzi wokuskena ekhemisi kuveza ukuthi izikena ezindala zokuqinisekisa usokhemisi{6}}abanye zisasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-CCD kunezikena zesimanjemanje ze-laser noma zezithombe{7}}zidinga u-10:1 noma ukugqama okungcono ukuze kufundwe okuthembekile. Ukukhethwa kwephaneli kufanele kubangele{11}}izimo ezimbi kakhulu zokuskena endaweni efakiwe.

Izindawo ezilawulwayo zentoyethula izidingo zokuphepha zomzimba. Isheduli II{1}}Imithi ye-V idinga isitoreji esivikelekile esinokungena ngemvume. I-ESL emakhabetheni ezinto ezilawulwayo kufanele ihlanganiswe nezinhlelo zokulawula ukufinyelela kwekhabhinethi{3}}ebonisa izinkomba zokufinyelela ezikhawulelwe, ukugawulwa kwemithi lapho amalebula ebonakala khona ngesikhathi sokuvulwa kwekhabhinethi ngakunye, okungase kukhubaze isibonisi phakathi nemizamo yokufinyelela engagunyaziwe. Ikhemisi elilodwa lasesibhedlela lihlanganise i-ESL nohlelo lwalo lokulawula izinto ezilawulwayo ukuze libonise izibalo zangempela-zesikhathi sempahla ezibuyekezwayo ngokuzenzakalelayo njengoba imithi ikhishwa, okuqeda ukubuyisana kokubala mathupha.

Ukugcinwa kwemithi efrijiniihlanganisa izimfuneko zokunemba kwekhemisi nezinselele zokushisa-ezibandayo. Imithi yokugoma, i-insulin, nezinye izinto eziphilayo zidinga isitoreji esiphakathi kuka-2-no-8℃. Amaphaneli-ezinga lokushisa abanzi e-ESL ayadingeka. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zesitoreji esibandayo ekhemisi zidinga ukungena kwezinga lokushisa nge-ESL-izinzwa ezihlanganisiwe ezibonisa izinga lokushisa lamanje eduze kwemithi enikeza ukuqinisekiswa okubonakalayo kokuthi izimo zesitoreji zihlala ngaphakathi kokucaciswa ngaphandle kokudinga ukuthi abasebenzi bahlole okokusebenza okuhlukile kokuqapha.

Imisebenzi yasekhemisi yasesibhedlelaengeza inkimbinkimbi ngale kwekhemisi lokudayisa. Izinqola zemithi, amakhabethe akhiphayo azenzakalelayo, nezindawo zekhemisi zesathelayithi ngayinye yethula izidingo ezihlukile ze-ESL. Inqola-i-ESL ekhweziwe idinga ukwakhiwa okumazombezombe okusinde kwezokuthutha eziphindaphindiwe; izibonisi kufanele zihlale zifundeka ngaphansi kwezibani ze-fluorescent ezivamile emaphaseji asesibhedlela. Ukuhlanganiswa kwekhabhinethi esabalalisa okuzenzakalelayo kudinga izimiso zokuxhumana ezihambisana nesofthiwe yokuphatha ikhabethe-ngokuvamile amasistimu obunikazi anamakhono alinganiselwe{5}}okuhlanganiswa okuvela eceleni.

Imibhalo yokuthobela imithethoidinga izindlela zokuhlola ezingavamile ukuhlinzeka ngezinhlelo ze-ESL. Ukugunyazwa kweJoint Commission yamakhemisi asesibhedlela kudinga imibhalo yokunemba kokulebula kwemithi. Amasistimu okuphatha e-ESL kufanele afake zonke isibuyekezo selebula ngesitembu sesikhathi, ukugunyazwa komsebenzisi, kanye nemininingwane yoshintsho lokuqukethwe. Inhlolovo ye-Joint Commission yohlelo lwesibhedlela olulodwa yahlola amakhono abo okulandelela ukuhlolwa kwe-ESL; umhloli ucele imibhalo yezinqubo zokuqinisekisa ukunemba kwelebula ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezedlule.

Ama-elekthronikhi kanye{0}}Nentengo Ephezulu: Intengo Yangempela{1}}Yesikhathi

I-Consumer electronics retail isebenza ngentengo-emakethe esobala lapho amakhasimende evamise ukubheka amanani ezincintisana nawo kuma-smartphone ngenkathi emi esitolo. Isiphakamiso senani le-ESL siyashintsha sisuka ekongeni abasebenzi siye emandleni okuphendula okuncintisana{2}}ekhonweni lokufanisa noma ukwehlula izintengo zezimbangi ngesikhathi sangempela{3}}kunokulinda izibuyekezo zefayela lentengo ngobusuku obubodwa.

Ukuhlanganiswa kokuqapha amanani okuncintisanaixhuma izinhlelo ze-ESL nezinsizakalo zobuhlakani bentengo ezikhuhla njalo amawebhusayithi ezimbangi. Uma izimbangi ezinkulu zehlisa intengo ku-smartphone ephambili, isevisi yezobunhloli bentengo ithola ushintsho phakathi namaminithi, injini yokubeka amanani ihlola imithetho ye-margin, futhi izintengo ezibuyekeziwe zisabalala kumalebula eshalofu ngaphakathi kwewindi lenethiwekhi elingamasekhondi elingu-3{3}}elingu-10. Umthengisi oyedwa we-electronics wehlise intengo-eqhutshwa ama-walkout ngo-18% ngemva kokwenza amanani esikhathi sangempela afaniswe ngezingqalasizinda zabo ze-ESL.

Isibonisi solwazi lomkhiqizo ocebileifanele ukuthengwa okucatshangelwayo okuphezulu okuvamile ezitolo zama-electronics. Ikhasimende elithenga ikhompuyutha ephathekayo engu-$1,500 lifuna ukucaciswa-iprosesa, inkumbulo, isitoreji, ukulungiswa kwesibonisi, impilo yebhethri. Ifomethi enkudlwana i-ESL (7.5" nangaphezulu) inika amandla isibonisi sokucaciswa obekudingeka ngaphambilini amakhadi e-spec aphrintiwe. Abanye abathengisi bezinto zikagesi baphakela inhlanganisela ye-e{7}}nephepha lentengo kanye nokucaciswa eduze nezikrini ze-LCD zokuqukethwe kwamavidiyo okukhangisa{8}}okusebenzisa amandla obuchwepheshe ngamunye.

Isibonisi sokunamathiselwe kwezinsizaisebenzisa i-ESL ukushayela ukuthengiswa kokunamathiselwe. Isibonisi esibonisa "isebenza ngokuthi:" ulwazi luxhumanisa imikhiqizo eyisisekelo nezinto ezisetshenziswayo{1}}amakesi amafoni, izintambo zamakhompuyutha aphathekayo, imidlalo yamakhonsoli. Amanani okunamathiselwe anamandla anganikeza izaphulelo zenqwaba eziboniswa kusisetshenziswa se-ESL lapho umkhiqizo oyinhloko i-ESL ubonisa amaleveli e-inventory adinga ukunyakaza.

Ukuhlanganiswa{0}}nokwebaiba ngofanele-okuthengiswayo kwenani eliphezulu. Amasistimu e-ESL angahlanganisa ne-electronic article surveillance (EAS) kanye ne-RFID-based inventory tracking. Uma umaka we-EAS esuswa ngaphandle kokuvalwa okufanele, i-ESL ehlotshaniswayo ingabonisa isexwayiso noma ishintshe ukubukeka. Ukuqaliswa okuthuthuke kakhulu ukubala kokubuyekeza i-inventory ngesikhathi sangempela-njengoba imikhiqizo isuswa ezilungiselelweni zokuphepha, okuvumela ukuqwashisa kwesitoko{6}} esisheshayo.

Intengo yomjikelezo wokuphila womkhiqizookwe-elekthronikhi kulandela amaphethini aqagelekayo-qalisa amanani entengo, ukuncintisana phakathi-namanani empilo, ukuphela kokuvunyelwa{2}}kwe{3}}kwamanani empilo. I-ESL inika amandla imithetho yokuzenzakalela yentengo yomjikelezo wempilo elungisa amamajini ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yobudala yomkhiqizo, amaleveli e-inventory, namashejuli wokuqalisa umkhiqizo olandelayo. Uma i-iPhone entsha yethulwa, i-ESL yesizukulwane esedlule ibuyekeza ngokuzenzakalelayo amanani entengo ngokuya{6}}ngemithetho yemajini echazwe ngaphambili, ngaphandle kokungenelela okwenziwa ngesandla.

Ukuphathwa kweyunithi yedemoezitolo zama-elekthronikhi kusebenzisa okuhlukile kwe-ESL okudizayinelwe ukulungiswa kokuboniswa komkhiqizo. Lawa mayunithi avame ukuhlanganisa nezingcingo zokuvikeleka, amasistimu okuphatha amandla, namakhiyoski asebenzisanayo. Isibonisi singase sibonise intengo uma singenzi lutho futhi sishintshele kuzici ezinhle kakhulu lapho amakhasimende ehlanganyela nomkhiqizo wedemo. Okunye ukusetshenziswa kusebenzisa izinzwa eziseduze ukuze kutholwe ubukhona bekhasimende futhi kubuyekeze okuqukethwe okubonisiwe ngokufanele.

Izingxenye Zezimboni kanye ne-MRO: -Izinselele Ezinde Ze-Tail Inventory

Abasabalalisi be-Maintainance, repair, and operations (MRO) kanye nabahlinzeki bezingxenye zezimboni baphatha amaphrofayili e-inventory ahluke kakhulu kunezitolo zabathengi. Umsabalalisi ojwayelekile we-MRO uphatha angu-100,000+ ama-SKU anokusabalalisa-umsila omude-u-20% wama-SKU akhiqiza u-80% wemali engenayo kuyilapho u-80% wama-SKU ehlala nokunyakaza okuncane. Izindlela zokulebula zendabuko ziyehluleka ngokomnotho lapho izindleko zokunakekelwa kwelebula zeqa umkhawulo womkhiqizo wezinto ezihamba kancane.

Izibalo eziphezulu-ze-SKU-zezomnothoshintsha izibalo ze-ESL ROI. Ekudayiseni igrosa, imbuyiselo ye-ESL ivela ngokuyinhloko ekongeni kwabasebenzi ekushintsheni kwentengo. Ekusabalaliseni kwe-MRO, ukukhokhelwa kuvela ekuthuthukisweni kokunemba kwe-inventory kanye nokunciphisa ukuphelelwa isikhathi esitokweni{2}}esihamba kancane. Umsabalalisi we-fastener wehlise ukubhala kwe-inventory-ngo-31% ngemva kokukhipha ukulandelela kwe-ESL-okuhlanganisiwe okuhlonze{7}}ukuhambahamba kwesitoko ngentengo yokuphromotha ngaphambi kokuphelelwa yisikhathi.

Isibonisi sokucaciswa kobuchwephesheizidingo zifana nekhemisi ngaphezu kwegrosa. Izingxenye zezimboni zidinga ukuboniswa kokucaciswa kobukhulu, amamaki wezinto ezibonakalayo, izitifiketi, nolwazi lokuhambisana. I-ESL yesisabalalisi esithwalayo ibonisa: inombolo yengxenye, umkhiqizi, ububanzi bebhore, ububanzi obungaphandle, ububanzi, isilinganiso sesivinini, isilinganiso somthwalo, kanye nokucaciswa okusebenzayo (ISO, ABEC, njll.). Izidingo zokuminyana kolwazi zidlulela ezibonisini ezinkulu kanye nomklamo wokuthayipha ngokucophelela.

Amasistimu wendawo ye-binezingxenyeni zokusatshalaliswa kuvame ukusebenzisa amasu okufaka amakhodi wendawo okuphathelene athuthukiswe emashumini eminyaka okusebenza. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-ESL kufanele kuhambisane namafomethi endawo yefa kuyilapho kunika amandla ukuthuthela ekukhokhweni kwendawo okujwayelekile. Ukuphathwa koshintsho kuba okubaluleke kakhulu njengokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe-izisebenzi ze-warehouse ezijwayele amakhodi endawo eziwasebenzise iminyaka engu-20 zimelana nezinguquko zefomethi ngaphandle kokunaka amandla esistimu.

Amatheminali{0}abheke amakhasimendeezindaweni zokubala ziyazuza ekuhlanganisweni kwe-ESL. Lapho ikhasimende licela ingxenye, abasebenzi bekhawunta babuza isistimu, futhi izibonisi ze-ESL endaweni yesitoreji ziyakhanyisa noma zibonisa imiyalelo yokulandwa. Abanye abasabalalisi bezingxenye basebenzise ukugeleza komsebenzi kokuthi "letha ukuze siphikisane" lapho izibonisi ze-ESL ezindaweni zemigqomo zibonisa imiyalelo yokukhetha namagama ezisebenzi zekhawunta, okunika amandla ukusebenzisana okuningi kwesevisi yamakhasimende ngesikhathi esisodwa nokuhlonza okucacile kokuthathwa.

Imisebenzi yekhithi nokuhlanganisasebenzisa i-ESL ukuze uqondise ukukhetha kwezingxenye-zemihlangano yezingxenye eziningi. Ikhithi yesistimu ye-hydraulic ingase ihlanganise iphampu, injini, amavalvu, okokufaka, ipayipi, noketshezi{2}}ngayinye egcinwe ezindaweni ezihlukene ze-warehouse. Izibonisi ze-ESL endaweni ngayinye zibonisa ukuhleleka kwekhithi, amanani adingekayo, nesimo sokuqedwa. Ukuhlanganiswa nemibhalo yomhlangano kukhombisa imiyalelo yomsebenzi eceleni kokuhlonza ingxenye.

Uhlu{0}}oluphethwe ngumthengisi (VMI)izinhlelo zisebenzisa i-ESL yokwabelana ngokubonakala. Lapho abahlinzeki bephatha amaleveli e-inventory ezindaweni zamakhasimende, i-ESL ingabonisa isimo sokugcwalisa, amadethi okuthunyelwayo okungenayo, kanye nokutholakala kwesitoko. Lokhu kubeka izinto ngale kusekela{2}}ngesikhathi{3}}izinhlelo zokukhiqiza ezidinga ukutholakala kwezingxenye ezithembekile ngaphandle kokutshalwa kwezimali kwempahla eningi.

I-ESL iqhudelana Nobuchwepheshe Bezinye Bokubonisa Obunye ISIGABA ESISHA

Ukukhetha kwe-ESL akukhona nje ukukhetha iphaneli yephepha ye-e-ehamba phambili. Kumayelana nokukhetha ubuchwepheshe bokubonisa obufanele bohlelo lokusebenza.E-iphephaukuncintisana neIzibonisi zeshelufu ze-LCD, ukuboniswa kwesegimenti, namalebula ephepha endabuko-ngalinye elinezici ezihlukile zokusebenza, izakhiwo zezindleko, namabala amnandi okusebenza. Ukuhlaziywa okulandelayo kunikeza isisekelo sobuchwepheshe sezinqumo zokukhetha ubuchwepheshe.

E{{0}Iphepha (EPD) Amalebula Eshelufu Kagesi

Umgomo wokusebenza: Ukufuduka kwezinhlayiyana ze-Electrophoretic ekumisweni kwe-microcapsule ngaphansi kwensimu kagesi esetshenzisiwe. I-Bistable{1}}igcina isithombe ngaphandle kwamandla.

Amandla: Amandla okusebenzisa i-Zero uma umile (ukuqina kweqiniso), ukukhanya okuhle kakhulu kwe-ambient, ama-engeli okubuka ububanzi (170℃+), ukubukeka kwephepha{2}okufana nokuhlanganisa ngokwemvelo nendawo yokuthengisa,{3}}iminyaka eminingi yokuphila kwebhethri kusuka kumaseli ohlamvu lwemali, ukufunda ukukhanya kwelanga ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zangaphandle{4}nokukhanya okuphezulu.

Ukulinganiselwa: Ukuvuselela okunensayo (300-2000ms ukuze kubuyekezwe ngokugcwele), amandla ombala akhawulelwe (imibala engu-1-4 yemikhiqizo yezentengiselwano, evelayo enombala ogcwele), ama-artifact aphefumulayo adinga ukuvuselelwa okugcwele ngezikhathi ezithile, ukonakaliswa kokusebenza kwezinga lokushisa elibandayo, izindleko zeyunithi yokuqala ephakeme kunezinye izindlela ze-LCD.

Isakhiwo sezindleko: Bonisa amamojula $3-15 kuye ngosayizi namandla ombala; amayunithi aphelele e-ESL ngesilawuli, ukuxhumana, izindlu, nebhethri $8-40; ingqalasizinda (amasango, isofthiwe yokuphatha) ingeza u-$0.50-2 ngelebula ngayinye ngokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifanele: Inani-amalebula okuthengisa amaphakathi anezibuyekezo ezingavamile (igrosa, okuthengiswayo okuvamile, ikhemisi), indawo yangaphandle noma ephezulu{1}esendaweni{2}}ekhanyayo, ukusetshenziswa okubeka phambili ubude bebhethri kunesivinini sokubuyekeza, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga iphepha{3}njengobuhle.

I-LCD Shelf Displays

Umgomo wokusebenza: I-Liquid crystal light modulation ene-LED backlight. Idinga amandla aqhubekayo e-backlight; isimo sokubonisa asinakekelwa ngaphandle kwamandla.

Amandla: Ukuvuselela okusheshayo (okujwayelekile okungu-60Hz, kulungele ividiyo), amandla ombala ogcwele ngezigidi zemibala, ukukhanya okuphezulu ukuze kuqashelwe{1}}amaphromoshini abambayo, ikhono lokubonisa ividiyo nokugqwayiza, ubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe obunohlelo olubanzi lwe-ecosystem yabahlinzeki.

Ukulinganiselwa: Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuqhubekayo (3-15W kokuboniswa konqenqema lweshalofu), ukusebenza kabi kokukhanya kwe-ambient (ukubonakala okuhlanziwe endaweni yokuthengisa egqamile), ukulinganiselwa kwe-engeli yokubuka (±60℃evamile ngaphambi kokushintsha kombala), ukwehluleka kwe-backlight imodi yokwehluleka okuvamile, kudinga ingqalasizinda yamandla enentambo.

Isakhiwo sezindleko: Bonisa amamojula $15-50 kuye ngosayizi; ishalofu eliphelele lenethiwekhi libonisa ama- $ 50-200; izindleko zokufaka zivame ukweqa izindleko zehadiwe ngenxa yezidingo zengqalasizinda yamandla.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifanele: Izimpawu zokuphela zephromoshini lapho ukugqwayiza kudonsa ukunaka,{0}izibonisi zokukhangisa ezinekhono zevidiyo,{1}}imikhankaso yesikhathi{1}}enomkhawulo wokukhangisa, izindawo ezinokukhanya okulawulwayo (izindawo zezitolo, izitolo zezindiza), izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ingqalasizinda yamandla isivele ikhona.

Isegimenti Izibonisi ze-LCD

Umgomo wokusebenza: Amasegimenti ekristalu ewuketshezi olula (njengezibonisi zokubala) ashayelwa amasegimenti abashayeli abazinikele. Amandla aphansi kakhulu kodwa akhawulelwe kumasethi{1}ezinhlamvu ezichazwe ngaphambilini.

Amandla: Izindleko eziphansi kakhulu ($0.50-2 isibonisi ngasinye), ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kakhulu (ama-microamp okubonisa okumile), ububanzi bezinga lokushisa elibanzi, izinto zikagesi zokushayela ezilula, ukwethembeka okuqinisekisiwe phakathi namashumi eminyaka okuthunyelwa.

Ukulinganiselwa: Amaphethini amasegimenti agxilile akhawulela okuqukethwe okuboniswayo (ngokujwayelekile izinombolo nezinhlamvu ezikhawulelwe kuphela), awekho amandla ezithombe, izinketho zosayizi olinganiselwe, ukubukeka kwedethi yobuhle, uhlamvu ngalunye ludinga iphethini yesegimenti enikelwe.

Isakhiwo sezindleko: Bonisa amamojula angaphansi kwe-$1 ngevolumu; amayunithi okubonisa amanani aphelele $2-5; izindleko ezincane zengqalasizinda.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifanele: Isibonisi senani lezinombolo ezimsulwa lapho kungadingeki ukuguquguquka kokuqukethwe, izindleko ezidlulele-ukuthunyelwa okuzwelayo,{1}}umthamo omkhulu wezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibeka phambili umnotho weyunithi ngaphezu kwamandla, ukuthunyelwa kwemvelo okunonya lapho izinto zikagesi eziyinkimbinkimbi zidala ingcuphe yokuthembeka.

Amalebula Ephepha (Manuwali)

Umgomo wokusebenza: Amalebula ephepha aphrintiwe afakwe kuzibambi zepulasitiki noma anamathele ngokuqondile emaphethelweni eshelufu. Kubuyekezwe mathupha abasebenzi besitolo.

Amandla: Izindleko zobuchwepheshe eziphansi kakhulu (ezisebenza kahle ziro wezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha), ukuguquguquka okungenamkhawulo kwesithombe, azikho izinto zikagesi ezingaphumeleli, azikho izidingo zengqalasizinda, ukuhamba komsebenzi okujwayelekile kwabasebenzi bezitolo.

Ukulinganiselwa: Inqubo-yesibuyekezo esinamandla ({0}}imizuzwana engu-15-imizuzwana engu-30 ilebula ngayinye yabasebenzi abanokuhlangenwe nakho), okuvame ukuba nephutha (izibalo zokunemba kwamanani angu-5-15% ezithengiswayo ezivamile), izinto ezisetshenziswayo nezindleko zokuphrinta, amandla alinganiselwe wokwenza izinguquko ezisheshayo zamanani, udoti wemvelo ophuma ekulahlweni kwelebula.

Isakhiwo sezindleko: Abaphathi belebula $0.10-0.50 ngamunye; amalebula ephepha $0.01-0.05 ngalinye; Izindleko eziqhubekayo zomsebenzi nezinto zokwakha ngokuvamile zidlula izindleko ze-ESL zomjikelezo wokuphila phakathi neminyaka engu-2-4 ngezicelo zokubuyekeza imvamisa ephezulu.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifanele: Imisebenzi yokuthengisa emincane kakhulu lapho izindleko zabasebenzi zingekho emthethweni ({0}}umnikazi-wezitolo ezisetshenziswayo), izimo eziphansi kakhulu zokubuyekeza imvamisa, izitolo zesikhashana noma eziphumayo{1}}lapho ukutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda kungafaneleki, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga amafomethi angajwayelekile angatholakali kuzinketho ze-elekthronikhi.

Uhlaka Lokukhetha Ubuchwepheshe

Inqubo yesinqumo yokukhethwa kobuchwepheshe bokuboniswa ihlanganisa izici eziningi okufanele zikalwe ngokuvumelana nokubalulekile kwesicelo:

Buyekeza imvamisakuthonya kakhulu ukukhethwa kobuchwepheshe. Izicelo ezinezibuyekezo ezingaphansi kwamasonto onke azivamile ukuthethelela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-ESL; amalebula amaphepha ahlala eyonga. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinokubuyekezwa kwansuku zonke zifinyelela ku-ESL phakathi neminyaka engu-2-3. Izicelo ezinezibuyekezo eziningi zansuku zonke zivuna kakhulu ezomnotho ze-ESL.

Ubunkimbinkimbi bokuqukethwekuthinta ukukhetha kobuchwepheshe. Isibonisi senani lezinombolo ezihlanzekile singasebenzisa ingxenye ye-LCD ngezindleko eziphansi. Izintengo kanye nombhalo okhawulelwe (amagama emikhiqizo, amanani amayunithi) zifanelana-nephepha le-ESL. Okuqukethwe okuyingcaca okucebile noma ividiyo idinga i-LCD naphezu kwezindleko eziphezulu zamandla.

Izimo zemvelocindezela izinketho. Ukukhanya kwe-ambient okuphezulu (ngaphandle, amawindi, ukukhanya okukhanyayo okudayisayo) kuthanda -isibonisi esikhanyayo sephepha. Izindawo zokukhanyisa ezilawulwayo zingasebenzisa i-LCD ngempumelelo. Amazinga okushisa aphakeme (ayisiqandisi, ngaphandle) adinga izilinganiso zephaneli ezifanele ngaphandle kokukhetha ubuchwepheshe.

Ukutholakala kwengqalasizinda yamandlangokuvamile inquma ukuba nokwenzeka. Izindawo ezingenawo amandla atholakalayo noma lapho amandla okusebenza azobiza kakhulu ngokuyisisekelo gunyaza ibhethri-elinamandla e-ESL. Izindawo ezinengqalasizinda kagesi esezivele zikhona (ngaphezulu{3}}kumasekhethi okukhanyisa amashalofu) zingacabangela izinketho ze-LCD.

Izindleko eziphelele zokuhlaziywa kobunikazikufanele icabangele:

Lezi zibalo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezindlekweni zabasebenzi bendawo, amaza okubuyekeza, nesikali sokuphakelwa. Isibalo ngokuvamile sivuna i-ESL yokubuyekeza amafrikhwensi angaphezu kuka-1-2 izikhathi ngeviki ezimakethe zezabasebenzi ezithuthukile zomnotho.

Amasu okusabalalisa amaHybrid

Bambalwa abathengisi abasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuboniswa okukodwa kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza. Amasu amaHybrid afanisa ubuchwepheshe nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza endaweni eyodwa yokuthengisa:

E-iphepha lentengo, i-LCD yokuphromothaisebenzisa i-ESL ukwenza amanani entengo esitolo sonke kuyilapho ikhipha izikrini ze-LCD ekugcineni, izindawo zokukhokha, nezindawo ezishisayo zokukhangisa lapho amandla evidiyo nokukhanya okuphezulu kudonsa ukunaka kwamakhasimende. Le ndlela ithwebula izinzuzo ezisebenza kahle ze-ESL ngenqwaba yamalebula kuyilapho ilondoloza ukuguquguquka kokuphromotha lapho kubaluleke khona kakhulu.

Isegimenti ye-LCD ngentengo, e{0}iphepha ukuze uthole ulwazisebenzisa izibonisi zesegimenti ezishibhile ukuze uthole amanani entengo ezinombolo kuyilapho kusetshenziswa izibonisi zephepha ezinkulu ze-e{0}} ukuze uthole ulwazi oluningiliziwe lomkhiqizo lapho ubunkimbinkimbi bokuqukethwe buthethelela inkokhelo yezindleko. Le ndlela inciphisa izindleko zamalebula ayisisekelo{2}evolumu aphezulu kuyilapho ivumela ukuboniswa kolwazi olucebile lapho inani lekhasimende lithethelela ukutshalwa kwezimali.

Izinga lokushisa{0}}lokufanisa indawo yobuchwephesheisebenzisa i-ESL evamile ezindaweni ezidayisayo ezizungezile kuyilapho kusetshenziswa-okuhlukile okubanzi kwezinga lokushisa ezindaweni ezifakwe esiqandisini futhi ingase ikhethe ukuboniswa kwesegimenti eqinile ezigabeni zesiqandisi lapho{1}}izinga lokushisa e{2}elibanzi{2}elisebenza kancane kancane. Ukukhetha ubuchwepheshe kulandela izidingo zemvelo kunokusebenzisa imininingwane efanayo.

Kala{0}ingqalasizinda efaneleingase isebenzise i-ESL enengqalasizinda yenethiwekhi egcwele-ezitolo ezinkulu zefomethi kuyilapho isebenzisa izibonisi zesegimenti ezimele noma ngisho namalebula ephepha ezitolo zefomethi encane lapho ukutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda kungakhuli ngokwezomnotho. Ukukhethwa kobuchwepheshe kubheka isikali sokuthunyelwa kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe.

Emerging Technologies

-Ucwaningo lwe-EPD olusheshayo

Imibukiso yaselabhorethri isizuzile75Hz amanani okuvuselelakumaphaneli e-e{0}ephepha{1}esondela endaweni ye-LCD. Lawa mademo ezingqungqutheleni zomkhakha ahlaba umxhwele ngempela, kodwa ukuthunyelwa kokukhiqiza kuhlala kukude.

Ubuchwepheshe bokuvumela obuyinhloko buhlanganisaliquid crystal izithasiseloukuthi i-dope electrophoretic fluid enezinhlanganisela eziheha imiphumela yokubuyela emuva. Amaphepha ocwaningo abika ukuthuthuka kwesivinini esingu-2.8× ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo ehlisa amandla okushayela ngo-50%.Amalayini wendiza-ezacile{1}engaphambili{1}zendizanciphisa ibanga lokufuduka kwezinhlayiyana.Ukwakhiwa kwe-novel nanoparticlelungiselela izici zokushaja okungaphezulu futhi unciphise irediyasi ye-hydrodynamic. Futhiukufunda komshini{0}}okuthuthukisiwe kokwenziwa kwe-waveformivumelana{0}nesikhathi sangempela ukuze ibonise isimo kanye nezimo zemvelo.

Lobu buchwepheshe busathuthuka. Ukucacisa imikhiqizo ye-ESL yokukhiqiza ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yaselabhorethri akufanelekile.

Umbala E{{0}I-Paper Evolution

Igalari ye-E Ink 3ubuchwepheshe bukhombisa lapho i-EPD yombala iphokophele khona. Ukuvuselela okumnyama/okumhlophe kwehlile350ms, yehle ukusuka ku-2000ms ezizukulwaneni ezedlule. Amahithi emodi yombala osheshayo500ms. Imodi yombala ejwayelekile iyasebenza750-1000ms. Imodi yombala yekhwalithi engcono kakhulu isadinga1500ms.

Umbala we-EPD uyashintsha usuke kokuthi "okunzima ukusebenziseka" kuye "okusebenzayo" ezinhlelweni ezikhethiwe. Lindela ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo, kodwa i-monochrome izogcina izinzuzo zejubane namandla unomphela ngenxa yokuhluka okuyisisekelo kwe-particle physics.

Imininingwane Yokusebenza Yedizayini Yesistimu

Izichasiselo Ezisebenzayo Ezincane

Ngokulebula okujwayelekile kweshalofu lezitolo, lezi zinombolo zimele phansi:

Isikhathi sokuvuselelakufanele ishaye u-2000ms noma okungcono kumodi yomhlaba wonke, 500ms noma okungcono ngokuyingxenye.Isilinganiso sokuqhathanisaidinga ukweqa 8:1.Isixazululokufanele ifinyelele okungenani i-100 DPI.I-engeli yokubukakufanele ifinyelele ku-170℃noma ngaphezulu.Ibanga lokushisa elisebenzayokufanele ihlanganise i-0℃kuya ku-40 degree.Impilo yebhethrikufanele idlule iminyaka emi-5 ekubuyekezweni oku-2 ngosuku.

Imininingwane Ethuthukisiwe

Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezifunayo{0}}izibuyekezo ezivamile, isitoreji esibandayo, okuqukethwe kokuphromotha{1}}izici eziqinisiwe:

Isikhathi sokuvuselelakufanele ishaye u-1000ms womhlaba wonke, 300ms ngokuyingxenye.Isilinganiso sokuqhathanisakufanele idlule u-12:1.Isixazululokufanele ifinyelele ku-120 DPI noma ngaphezulu.Amandla ombala(3-4 umbala) iba efanele.Ibanga lokushisa elisebenzayoIbanga phakathi kuka-25 kuya ku-50 degrees.Impilo yebhethrikufanele idlule iminyaka emi-3 ngezibuyekezo ezi-4 ngosuku.

Ukuqinisekiswa Kwemininingwane

Ukucaciswa komthengisi kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngaphansi kwezimo ezingokoqobo. Lokhu akusona inketho{1}}izikhala ezibalulekile phakathi kwezimangalo zedatha kanye nokusebenza kokukhiqiza okuhlangabeziwe.

Hlola isikhathi sokuvuselela okungenani kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu okusebenza, hhayi nje izinga lokushisa legumbi. Qinisekisa isilinganiso sokungafani ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela zokukhanyisa esitolo, hhayi ukukhanya kwelabhorethri. Qinisekisa ukuqagelwa kwempilo yebhethri ngemvamisa yokubuyekeza okuhlosiwe kanye nohlobo lokuqukethwe-ukuqagela komthengisi kuvame ukuthatha{3}}izimo ezingcono kakhulu. Qinisekisa ukubambezeleka kwesibuyekezo{5}}kweleveli yesistimu ngenani lelebula eliqondiwe ukuze uqinisekise izikali zezakhiwo zenethiwekhi ngendlela efanele.

Ukufanisa Ubuchwepheshe Nesicelo

Ukukhethwa kobuchwepheshe belebula yeshalofu lika-elekthronikhi ekugcineni kwehlela emandleni okufanisa nezidingo. I-physics ye-electrophoretic displays isungula imingcele eqinile{1}}izilinganiso zokuvuselela, ukuzwela kwezinga lokushisa, ukuziphatha okubabazekayo{2}}okungeke kudlule inani lokuthuthukisa. Ukuqonda le mingcele kunika amandla idizayini yesistimu engokoqobo kanye nokukhetha ubuchwepheshe obufanele.

Ngokusetshenziswa lapho imikhawulo ilingana nohlelo-imvamisa yokubuyekeza emaphakathi, ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa elizungezile, intengo{1}}okuqukethwe okugxilwe kukho{2}}I-ESL iletha inani eliphoqelelayo ngokuqedwa komsebenzi, ukuthuthukiswa kokunemba kwentengo, kanye nokuvumelana nezimo zokusebenza. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza eziphikisana nemikhawulo ye-ESL{4}eziphezulu-izibuyekezo zefrikhwensi, amazinga okushisa adlulele, okuqukethwe kwemidiya exubile{6}}obunye ubuchwepheshe noma izindlela ezixubile zingabonakala zifaneleka kakhulu.

Ubuchwepheshe buyaqhubeka buthuthuka. Amazinga okuvuselela athuthuka ngokuqhubekayo. Amandla ombala ayanda. Izinga lokushisa liyakhula. Kodwa i-physics eyisisekelo isekhona. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-ESL okuphumelelayo kudinga ukusebenza ngaphakathi kwalezi zingqinamba, hhayi ukwenza sengathi azikho.